Editing Human nutrition (section)

=== Illnesses caused by underconsumption and overconsumption ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nutrients
! Deficiency
! Excess
|-
| colspan="3" style="background: #dd99cc; text-align: center;"| '''[[Macronutrient]]s'''
|-
| [[Food energy]]
| [[Starvation]], [[marasmus]]
| [[Obesity]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[cardiovascular disease]]
|-
| [[Simple carbohydrate]]s
| None
| [[Obesity]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[cardiovascular disease]]
|-
| [[Complex carbohydrate]]s
| None
| [[Obesity]], [[cardiovascular disease]] (high glycemic index foods)
|-
| [[Protein (nutrient)|Protein]]
| [[Kwashiorkor]]
| [[Protein poisoning]]
|-
| [[Saturated fat]]
| Low testosterone levels,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://deepfitness.com/705/The-Big-T-How-Your-Lifestyle-Influences-Your-Testosterone-Levels.aspx | title=The Big T: How Your Lifestyle Influences Your Testosterone Levels | publisher=Deepfitness.com | access-date=8 October 2013 | author=Berardi, John | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530054846/http://deepfitness.com/705/The-Big-T-How-Your-Lifestyle-Influences-Your-Testosterone-Levels.aspx | archive-date=30 May 2012}}</ref> vitamin deficiencies{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}
| [[Obesity]], [[cardiovascular disease]]<ref name="ESC">{{cite journal | vauthors=Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, Boysen G, Burell G, Cifkova R, Dallongeville J, De Backer G, Ebrahim S, Gjelsvik B, Herrmann-Lingen C, Hoes A, Humphries S, Knapton M, Perk J, Priori SG, Pyorala K, Reiner Z, Ruilope L, Sans-Menendez S, Scholte op Reimer W, Weissberg P, Wood D, Yarnell J, Zamorano JL, Walma E, Fitzgerald T, Cooney MT, Dudina A | title=European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary: Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts) | journal=European Heart Journal | volume=28 | issue=19 | pages=2375–414 | date=October 2007 | pmid=17726041 | doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehm316 | author30 = European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) | doi-access=free | hdl=2066/52036 | hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| [[Trans fat]]
| None
| [[Obesity]], [[cardiovascular disease]]
|-
| [[Unsaturated fat]]
| [[Fat-soluble]] vitamin deficiency
| [[Obesity]], [[cardiovascular disease]]
|-
| colspan="3" style="background: #dd99cc; text-align: center;"| '''[[Micronutrient]]s'''
|-
| [[Vitamin A]]
| [[Xerophthalmia]], [[night blindness]], and low testosterone levels{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}
| [[Hypervitaminosis A]] (cirrhosis, hair loss)
|-
| [[Thiamin|Vitamin B<sub>1</sub>]]
| [[Beri-Beri]]
|
|-
| [[Riboflavin|Vitamin B<sub>2</sub>]]
| Skin and corneal [[lesion]]s, cracking of skin and corneal unclearation
|
|-
| [[Niacin (nutrient)|Niacin]]
| [[Pellagra]]
| [[Dyspepsia]], [[cardiac arrhythmia]]s, birth defects
|-
| [[Biotin]]
| [[Biotin deficiency]]
| Reproductive and [[Teratology|teratogenic]] effects
|-
|[[Folate]]
|[[Megaloblastic anemia|Anemia]]
|Masks B<sub>12</sub> deficiency, which can lead to permanent [[neurological]] damage
|-
| [[Vitamin B12|Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>]]
| [[Pernicious anemia]], nerve cell damage
|
|-
| [[Vitamin C]]
| [[Scurvy]]
| [[Diarrhea]] causing [[dehydration]]
|-
| [[Vitamin D]]
| [[Rickets]], [[osteomalacia]]
| [[Hypervitaminosis D]] (dehydration, vomiting, constipation)
|-
| [[Vitamin E]]
| Neurological disease
| [[Hypervitaminosis E]] (anticoagulant: excessive bleeding)
|-
| [[Vitamin K]]
| [[Hemorrhage]]
|
|-
| [[Omega-3 fatty acid|Omega-3 fats]]
| [[Cardiovascular disease]]
| Bleeding, hemorrhages, [[hemorrhagic stroke]], reduced glycemic control among diabetics
|-
| [[Omega-6 fatty acid|Omega-6 fats]]
| None
| [[Cardiovascular disease]], [[Cancer]]
|-
| [[Cholesterol]]
|
| [[Cardiovascular disease]]:<ref name=ESC /> [[atherosclerotic plaques]], [[heart attack]], [[stroke]]
|-
| colspan="3" style="background: #dd99cc; text-align: center;"| '''[[Macromineral]]s'''
|-
| [[Calcium]]
| [[Osteoporosis]], [[Tetany (medical sign)|tetany]], [[carpopedal spasm]], [[laryngospasm]], [[cardiac arrhythmia]]s
| [[Fatigue (physical)|Fatigue]], [[clinical depression|depression]], [[confusion]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[constipation]], [[pancreatitis]], [[polyuria|increased urination]], [[kidney stones]], [[anorexia (symptom)|anorexia]]{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}
|-
| [[Magnesium]]
| [[Hypertension]]
| Weakness, nausea, vomiting, impaired breathing, and [[hypotension]]
|-
| [[Potassium]]
| [[Hypokalemia]], [[cardiac arrhythmia]]s
| [[Hyperkalemia]], [[palpitation]]s
|-
| [[Sodium]]
| [[Hyponatremia]]
| [[Hypernatremia]], [[hypertension]]
|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#dd99cc; text-align: center;"| '''[[Trace mineral]]s'''
|-
| [[Iron]]
| [[Anemia]]
| [[Cirrhosis]], [[hereditary hemochromatosis]], [[heart disease]], [[cardiovascular disease]]
|-
| [[Iodine]]
| [[Goiter]], [[hypothyroidism]]
| [[Iodine#Toxicity|Iodine toxicity]] (goiter, hypothyroidism)
|}