Editing Human body (section)

==== Reproductive system ====
{{Main|Human reproductive system}}
[[File:Male and female gonads 1.png|thumb|Male gonad (testes, left) and female gonad ([[Ovary|ovaries]], right)]]
The purpose of the [[human reproductive system|reproductive system]] is to reproduce and nurture the growth of offspring. The functions include the production of germ cells and hormones.<ref name="SEER">{{cite web |title=Introduction to the Reproductive System {{!}} SEER Training |url=https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/reproductive/ |website=training.seer.cancer.gov |access-date=5 March 2024}}</ref> The [[Sex organ|sex organs]] of the [[male reproductive system]] and the [[female reproductive system]] develops and mature at [[puberty]]. These systems include the internal and external [[Sex organ|genitalia]].

[[File:Scheme female reproductive system-en.svg|thumb|Internal [[gross anatomy]] of the [[female reproductive system]]]]
Female puberty generally occurs between the ages of 9 and 13 and is characterized by [[ovulation]] and [[menstruation]]; the growth of secondary sex characteristics, such as growth of [[pubic hair|pubic]] and [[underarm hair]], [[breast]], [[Uterus|uterine]] and [[vagina]]l growth, widening hips and increased height and weight, also occur during puberty.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Technical Issues In Reproductive Health|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/pubhealth/modules/reproductiveHealth/anatomy.html|access-date=2021-08-07|website=www.columbia.edu}}</ref> Male puberty sees the further development of the [[Human penis|penis]] and [[testicle]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Accessory Glands {{!}} SEER Training|url=https://www.training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/reproductive/male/glands.html|access-date=2021-08-07|website=www.training.seer.cancer.gov}}</ref>

The female inner sex organs are the two ovaries, their [[fallopian tube]]s, the [[uterus]], and the [[cervix]]. At birth there are about 70,000 [[oocyte|immature egg cells]] that degenerate until at puberty there are around 40,000. No more egg cells are produced. Hormones stimulate the beginning of menstruation, and the ongoing [[menstrual cycle]]s.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ovaries {{!}} SEER Training|url=https://www.training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/reproductive/female/ovaries.html|access-date=2021-08-07|website=www.training.seer.cancer.gov}}</ref> The female external sex organs are the [[vulva]] ([[labia]], [[clitoris]], and [[vulval vestibule|vestibule]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=External Genitalia {{!}} SEER Training|url=https://www.training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/reproductive/female/genitalia.html|access-date=2021-08-07|website=www.training.seer.cancer.gov}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

The male external genitalia include the penis and [[scrotum]] that contains the [[Testicle|testicles]]. The testicles are [[gonad]]s that produce the [[Sperm|sperm cells]] which are [[ejaculation|ejaculated]] in [[semen]] through the penis. Unlike the egg cells in the female, sperm cells are produced throughout life. Other internal sex organs are the [[Epididymis|epididymides]], [[Vas deferens|vasa deferentia]], and some [[Male accessory gland|accessory gland]]s.

Diseases that affect the reproductive system include [[polycystic ovary syndrome]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ndefo|first1=Uche Anadu|last2=Eaton|first2=Angie|last3=Green|first3=Monica Robinson|date=June 2013|title=Polycystic Ovary Syndrome|journal=Pharmacy and Therapeutics|volume=38|issue=6|pages=336–355|issn=1052-1372|pmc=3737989|pmid=23946629}}</ref> a number of [[Testicle#Disorders and conditions|disorders of the testicles]] including [[testicular torsion]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hyun |first=Grace S. |date=2018 |title=Testicular Torsion |journal=Reviews in Urology |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=104–106 |doi=10.3909/riu0800 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |issn=1523-6161 |pmc=6168322 |pmid=30288149}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ringdahl|first1=Erika|last2=Teague|first2=Lynn|date=2006-11-15|title=Testicular torsion|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17137004/|journal=American Family Physician|volume=74|issue=10|pages=1739–1743|issn=0002-838X|pmid=17137004}}</ref> and a number of [[sexually transmitted infection]]s including [[syphilis]], [[HIV]], [[chlamydia]], [[Human papillomavirus infection|HPV]] and [[genital wart]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-02|title=Sexually Transmitted Diseases – Information from CDC|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/default.htm|access-date=2021-08-07|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-23|title=CDC – STDs – HPV|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/default.htm|access-date=2021-08-07|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us}}</ref> [[Cancer]] can affect most parts of the reproductive system including [[Penile cancer|the penis]], [[Testicular cancer|testicles]], [[Prostate cancer|prostate]], [[Ovarian cancer|ovaries]], [[Cervical cancer|cervix]], [[Vaginal cancer|vagina]], [[Fallopian tube cancer|fallopian]], [[Uterine cancer|uterus]] and [[Vulvar cancer|vulva]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reproductive Cancers {{!}} HHS Office of Population Affairs|url=https://opa.hhs.gov/reproductive-health/reproductive-cancers|access-date=2021-08-07|website=opa.hhs.gov|language=en}}</ref>