Editing Hudson River (section)

==Transportation and crossings==
{{Main|List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River|List of ferries across the Hudson River to New York City}}

The Hudson River is [[navigable]] by large steamers up to Troy, and by ocean-faring vessels to the Port of Albany.<ref name="Guide"/>{{rp|11}} The original [[Erie Canal]], opened in 1825 to connect the Hudson with Lake Erie, emptied into the Hudson at the [[Albany Basin]], just {{convert|3|mi}} south of the [[Federal Dam (Troy)|Federal Dam]] in [[Troy, New York|Troy]] (at mile 134). The canal enabled shipping between cities on the [[Great Lakes]] and Europe via the Atlantic Ocean.<ref name="HudsonRiverEstuary"/> The [[New York State Canal System]], the successor to the Erie Canal, runs into the Hudson River north of Troy.<ref name="Canal Map"/> It also uses the Federal Dam as a lock.<ref name="Canal Locks"/>
{{multiple image|total_width=410|align=right
|footer = The [[Riparius Bridge]] and the [[Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)|Tappan Zee Bridge]] both cross the Hudson River
|image1 = Riparius Bridge from Chester shore.jpg|alt1 = A small metal Parker truss bridge
|image2 = Tappan Zee Bridge 2019.agr.jpg|alt2 = A cable stay bridge
}}
Along the east side of the river runs the [[Metro-North Railroad]]'s [[Hudson Line (Metro-North)|Hudson Line]], from Manhattan to Poughkeepsie.<ref name="Metro-North Map"/> The tracks continue north of Poughkeepsie as Amtrak trains run further north to Albany.<ref name="Metro-North Map"/> On the west side of the river, [[CSX Transportation]] operates [[River Subdivision (CSX Transportation)|a freight rail line]] between [[North Bergen Yard]] in [[North Bergen, New Jersey]] and [[Selkirk Yard]] in [[Selkirk, New York]].<ref name="CSX River Subdivision"/><ref name="CSX Rail Yards"/><ref name="North Bergen Yard"/>

The Hudson is crossed at numerous points by bridges, tunnels, and ferries. The width of the Lower Hudson River required major feats of engineering to cross; the results are today visible in the [[George Washington Bridge]] and the 1955 [[Tappan Zee Bridge (1955–2017)|Tappan Zee Bridge]] (replaced by the [[New Tappan Zee Bridge]]) as well as the [[Lincoln Tunnel|Lincoln]] and [[Holland Tunnel|Holland]] Tunnels and the [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson|PATH]] and [[New York Tunnel Extension|Pennsylvania Railroad]] tubes. The George Washington Bridge, which carries multiple highways, connects [[Fort Lee, New Jersey]] to the [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]] neighborhood of [[Upper Manhattan]], and is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.<ref name="GWBridge"/>

The new Tappan Zee Bridge is the longest in New York, although the [[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge]] has a larger main span. The [[Troy–Waterford Bridge|Troy Union Bridge]] between [[Waterford (town), New York|Waterford]] and Troy was the first bridge over the Hudson; built in 1804 and destroyed in 1909;<ref name="TroyUnionBridge"/> its replacement, the [[Troy–Waterford Bridge]], was built in 1909.<ref name="Troy-Waterford Bridge"/> The [[Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad]] was chartered in 1832 and opened in 1835,<ref name="Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad"/> including the [[Green Island Bridge]],<ref name="Green Island Bridge"/> the second bridge over the Hudson south of the Federal Dam.<ref name="GMaps Troy Dam to Green Island Bridge"/>

The [[Hudson River Day Line]] offered passenger service on steamboats from New York City to Albany from 1863 until 1962 when it was purchased by [[Circle Line Sightseeing Cruises]].<ref name="Maritime Museum">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrmm.org/history-blog/the-hudson-river-day-line-1863-1971|title=The Hudson River Day Line - 1863-1971|author=[[Hudson River Maritime Museum]] staff|work=Hudson River Maritime Museum|accessdate=June 15, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry|author=Kenneth J. Blume|year=2012|publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]]|isbn=9780810856349|chapter=Hudson River Day Line|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_jTIbdFUnYC&dq=%22Hudson+River+Day+Line%22+%22Van+Santvoord%22+%22Davidson%22+1879&pg=PA228}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Steamboats on the Hudson River|author=William H. Ewen|year=2011|publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]]|isbn=9780738574158|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ptigKP8s08C|chapter=Hudson River Day Line}}</ref>