Editing Ho Chi Minh City (section)

==Economy==
{{Cleanup rewrite||section|date=December 2018}}
The city is the economic center of Vietnam and accounts for a large proportion of the [[economy of Vietnam]]. Although the city takes up just 0.6% of the country's land area, it contains 8.34% of the population of Vietnam, 20.2% of its GDP, 27.9% of industrial output and 34.9% of the [[Foreign Direct Investment|FDI]] projects in the country in 2005.<ref>[http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/left/gioi_thieu/thong_ke/so_ca_nuoc/vi_tri?left_menu=1 Statistics in 2005] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113081605/http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/left/gioi_thieu/thong_ke/so_ca_nuoc/vi_tri?left_menu=1 |date=13 November 2007}} on the city's official website.</ref> In 2005, the city had 4,344,000 labourers, of whom 130,000 are over the labour age norm (in Vietnam, 60 for male and 55 for female workers).<ref>[http://www.vienkinhte.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/xemtin.asp?idcha=683&cap=3&id=767 Ho Chi Minh City Economics Institute] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415220843/http://www.vienkinhte.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/xemtin.asp?idcha=683&cap=3&id=767 |date=15 April 2008}}</ref> In 2009, [[GDP per capita]] reached $2,800, compared to the country's average level of $1,042.<ref>{{cite web |author=Hana R. Alberts |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/12/21/asia-most-expensive-places-lifestyle-real-estate-cities_slide_8.html |title=''Forbes'' profile of Vietnam |work=Forbes |date=21 December 2009 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514144636/http://www.forbes.com/2009/12/21/asia-most-expensive-places-lifestyle-real-estate-cities_slide_8.html |archive-date=14 May 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
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!Year
!General description
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|2006
|As of June 2006, the city has been home to three export processing zones and twelve industrial parks. Ho Chi Minh City is the leading recipient of [[foreign direct investment]] in Vietnam, with 2,530 FDI projects worth $16.6&nbsp;billion at the end of 2007.<ref>Hàn Ni, [http://www.sggp.org.vn/kinhte/2007/11/128733 "TPHCM dẫn đầu thu hút vốn FDI vì biết cách bứt phá"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415215218/http://www.sggp.org.vn/kinhte/2007/11/128733/ |date=15 April 2009}}. ''Sài Gòn giải phóng'', 2007.</ref> In 2007, the city received over 400 FDI projects worth $3&nbsp;billion.<ref name="wto">[http://www.thongtinthuongmaivietnam.com.vn/IWINews.aspx?CatalogID=2426&ID=64806 "TPHCM sau 1 năm gia nhập WTO – Vượt lên chính mình..."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404095748/http://www.thongtinthuongmaivietnam.com.vn/IWINews.aspx?CatalogID=2426&ID=64806 |date=4 April 2008}}, ''Trung tâm thông tin thương mại''.
</ref>
|-
|2007
|In 2007, the city's GDP was estimated at $14.3&nbsp;billion, or about $2,180 per capita, up 12.6 percent from 2006 and accounting for 20% of the country's GDP. The GDP adjusted to [[Purchasing Power Parity]] (PPP) reached $71.5&nbsp;billion, or about $10,870 per capita (approximately three times higher than the country's average). The city's Industrial Product Value was $6.4&nbsp;billion, equivalent to 30% of the value of the entire nation. Export – Import Turnover through HCMC ports accounted for $36&nbsp;billion, or 40% of the national total, of which export revenue reached $18.3&nbsp;billion (40% of Vietnam's total export revenues). In 2007, Ho Chi Minh City's contribution to the annual revenues in the national budget increased by 30 percent, accounting for about 20.5 percent of total revenues. The consumption demand of Ho Chi Minh City is higher than other [[Provinces of Vietnam|Vietnamese provinces and municipalities]] and 1.5 times higher than that of [[Hanoi]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Minh Anh
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201203195439/https://cuoi.tuoitre.vn/chu-de/sai-gon-201.html
| archive-date= 3 December 2020
| url-status= dead
|title=Sài Gòn trong mắt bạn trẻ
|url=https://cuoi.tuoitre.vn/chu-de/sai-gon-201.html|access-date=2023-03-17|website=TUOI TRE ONLINE|language=vi}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=June 2023|reason=archived too late: already dead}}
|-
|2008
|In 2008, it attracted $8.5&nbsp;billion in FDI.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ho Chi Minh City attracts record FDI in 2008 |url=http://www.vnbusinessnews.com/2008/12/ho-chi-minh-city-attracts-record-fdi-in.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519221052/http://www.vnbusinessnews.com/2008/12/ho-chi-minh-city-attracts-record-fdi-in.html |archive-date=19 May 2009}}</ref> In 2010, the city's GDP was estimated at $20.902&nbsp;billion, or about $2,800 per capita, up 11.8 percent from 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title=10 điểm nổi bật trong tình hình kinh tế – xã hội TPHCM năm 2010 |url=http://www.bsc.com.vn/News/2011/1/4/128448.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116190345/http://www.bsc.com.vn/News/2011/1/4/128448.aspx |archive-date=16 January 2013 |access-date=24 April 2012 |publisher=Bsc.com.vn}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|By the end of 2012, the city's GDP was estimated around $28,595&nbsp;billion {{Dubious|date=March 2014}}, or about $3,700 per capita, up 9.2 percent from 2011.<ref>{{cite web |author=VnExpress |title=TP HCM đặt mục tiêu thu nhập bình quân 4.000 USD mỗi người |url=http://vnexpress.net/gl/kinh-doanh/2012/12/tp-hcm-dat-muc-tieu-thu-nhap-binh-quan-4-000-usd-moi-nguoi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227211800/http://vnexpress.net/gl/kinh-doanh/2012/12/tp-hcm-dat-muc-tieu-thu-nhap-binh-quan-4-000-usd-moi-nguoi/ |archive-date=27 December 2012 |access-date=5 January 2013 |work=VnExpress}}</ref> Total trade (export and import) reached $47.7&nbsp;billion, with export at $21.57&nbsp;billion and import $26.14&nbsp;billion.<ref name="gso" />
|-
|2013
|In 2013, GDP of the city grew 7.6% by Q1, 8.1% by Q2, and 10.3% by the end of Q3. By the end of 2013, the city's GDP grew 9.3%, with GDP per capita reaching $4,500.<ref>{{cite web |title=TÌNH HÌNH KINH TẾ XÃ HỘI Tháng 9 và 9 tháng năm 2013 |trans-title=SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION September and May 9, 2013 |language=vi |url=http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=81a32bfe-59a2-46dd-96dc-e36ae460f5b4&groupId=18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022084641/http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=81a32bfe-59a2-46dd-96dc-e36ae460f5b4&groupId=18 |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=10 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
|2014
|By the end of 2014, the city's GDP grew 9.5%, with GDP per capita reaching $5,100.<ref>{{cite web |title=GDP bình quân đầu người của TP Hồ Chí Minh đạt 5.131 USD – Hànộimới |date=23 November 2014 |url=http://hanoimoi.com.vn/Tin-tuc/Kinh-te/725612/gdp-binh-quan-dau-nguoi-cua-tp-ho-chi-minh-dat-5131-usd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205054209/http://hanoimoi.com.vn/Tin-tuc/Kinh-te/725612/gdp-binh-quan-dau-nguoi-cua-tp-ho-chi-minh-dat-5131-usd |archive-date=5 December 2014 |access-date=2015-05-29 |publisher=Hanoimoi.com.vn}}</ref>{{clear}}
|-
|2020
|The city's economic performance transcended 6%, at 7.84% from 2016–2019 and 2016–2020; the town grew at 6,59%.  Its performance assists the city in reaching the GDP per capita at $6.328;<ref>{{cite web |last=etime.danviet.vn |title=GRDP bình quân đầu người TP. HCM năm 2020 ước đạt 6.328 USD |url=https://etime.danviet.vn/grdp-binh-quan-dau-nguoi-tp-hcm-nam-2020-uoc-dat-6328-usd-20201016101927787.htm |access-date=2022-02-10 |website=danviet.vn |date=16 October 2020 |language=vi |archive-date=10 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210230359/https://etime.danviet.vn/grdp-binh-quan-dau-nguoi-tp-hcm-nam-2020-uoc-dat-6328-usd-20201016101927787.htm |url-status=usurped}}</ref> however, it yielded the preferred growth at $9.800 per capita due to the repercussion result of Covid-19.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mai |first=Ban |date=2021-03-14 |title=Vì sao Tp.HCM lỡ mục tiêu thu nhập đầu người 9.800 USD/năm? |url=https://vneconomy.vn/vi-sao-tp-hcm-lo-muc-tieu-thu-nhap-dau-nguoi-9-800-usd-nam.htm |access-date=2022-02-10 |website=Nhịp sống kinh tế Việt Nam & Thế giới |language=vi}} {{dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
|}

===Sectors===
[[File:SaigonPort1.JPG|right|thumb|[[Saigon Port]] is one of five major ports in Vietnam, and is among the busiest container ports in the world.]]
[[File:Saigon Hi-Tech Park.JPG|right|thumb|[[Ho Chi Minh City Hi-tech Park|Hi-tech Park]], located in [[District 9, Ho Chi Minh City|District 9]], is one of Vietnam's two national hi-tech parks.]]
The economy of the city consists of industries ranging from mining, seafood processing, agriculture, and construction, to tourism, finance, industry and trade. The state-owned sector makes up 33.3% of the economy, the private sector 4.6%, and the remainder in foreign investment. Concerning its economic structure, the service sector accounts for 51.1%, industry and construction account for 47.7% and forestry, agriculture and others make up just 1.2%.<ref>[http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/left/gioi_thieu/thong_ke/giai_doan_01_06/slcy2?left_menu=1 Chỉ tiêu tổng hợp giai đoạn 2001–06] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415184358/http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/left/gioi_thieu/thong_ke/giai_doan_01_06/slcy2?left_menu=1 |date=15 April 2009}}, Ho Chi Minh City government website. (Dead Link)</ref>

The city and its ports are part of the [[21st Century Maritime Silk Road]] that runs from the Chinese coast via the [[Suez Canal]] to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region of [[Trieste]] with its rail connections to [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Transportation/Chinese-state-port-operator-s-India-and-Vietnam-acquisitions-stall |title=Chinese state port operator's India and Vietnam acquisitions stall |website=Nikkei Asia |access-date=30 January 2021 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128040201/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Transportation/Chinese-state-port-operator-s-India-and-Vietnam-acquisitions-stall |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/asean-business/a-primer-on-china%E2%80%99s-belt-and-road-initiative-plans-in-south-east-asia |title=A primer on China's Belt and Road Initiative plans in South-east Asia |access-date=30 January 2021 |archive-date=5 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064745/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/asean-business/a-primer-on-china%E2%80%99s-belt-and-road-initiative-plans-in-south-east-asia |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Quang Trung Software Park, Ho Chi Minh City|Quang Trung Software Park]] is a software park situated in District 12. The park is approximately {{cvt|15|km|0}} from downtown Ho Chi Minh City and hosts software enterprises as well as dot.com companies. The park also includes a software training school. Dot.com investors here are supplied with other facilities and services such as residences and high-speed access to the internet as well as favorable taxation. Together with the [[Ho Chi Minh City Hi-tech Park|Hi-Tech Park]] in [[Thủ Đức]], and the 32 ha. software park inside Tân Thuận Export Processing Zone in District 7 of the city, Ho Chi Minh City aims to become an important hi-tech city in the country and the South-East Asia region.

This park helps the city in particular and Vietnam in general to become an outsourcing location for other enterprises in developed countries, as India has done. Some 300,000 businesses, including many large enterprises, are involved in high-tech, electronic, processing and light industries, and also in construction, building materials and agricultural products. Additionally, crude oil is a popular economic base in the city. Investors are still pouring money into the city. Total local private investment was 160&nbsp;billion [[Vietnamese đồng|''đồng'']] (US$7.5&nbsp;million)<ref>Exchange rate from XE.com</ref> with 18,500 newly founded companies. Investment trends to high technology, services and real estate projects.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}

As of June 2006, the city had three export processing zones and twelve industrial parks, in addition to Quang Trung Software Park and Ho Chi Minh City hi-tech park. [[Intel]] has invested about 1&nbsp;billion dollars in a factory in the city. More than fifty banks with hundreds of branches and about 20 insurance companies are also located inside the city. The [[Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange|Stock Exchange]], the first stock exchange in Vietnam, was opened in 2001. There are 171 medium and large-scale markets as well as several supermarket chains, shopping malls, and fashion and beauty centers.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}

On Vietnam's Provincial Competitiveness Index 2023, a key tool for evaluating the business environment in Vietnam's provinces, Ho Chi Minh City received a score of 67.19.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chỉ số năng lực cạnh tranh cấp tỉnh (PCI) |url=https://pcivietnam.vn/ |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=pcivietnam.vn |language=vi}}</ref> This was a fall from 2022 in which the province received a score of 65.86. In 2023, the province received its highest scores on the 'Time Costs' and 'Law and Order' criterion and lowest on 'Access To Land' and 'Policy Bias'.<ref>{{Cite web |last=the-shiv |date=2024-08-13 |title=Doing Business in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 2024 |url=https://the-shiv.com/doing-business-in-ho-chi-minh-city-vietnam/ |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=the-shiv |language=en-AU}}</ref>

===Urbanisation===
[[File:DJI 0212-HDR-Pano (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Ho Chi Minh City has a high concentration of skyscrapers as a result of urbanisation. The [[Landmark 81]] is the tallest building in Vietnam.]]
With a population now of 8,382,287 (as of Census 2010 on 1 April 2010)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=512&idmid=5&ItemID=11010 |title=Tong Cuc Thong Ke |publisher=Gso.gov.vn |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331050005/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=512&idmid=5&ItemID=11010 |archive-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> (registered residents plus migrant workers as well as a metropolitan population of 10&nbsp;million), the city needs increased public infrastructure.<ref name="Statistical office" /> To this end, the city and central governments have embarked on an effort to develop new urban centres. The two most prominent projects are the Thủ Thiêm city centre in District 2 and the Phú Mỹ Hưng Urban Area, a new city centre in District 7 (as part of the Saigon South project) where various international schools such as [[Saigon South International School]] and Australian [[RMIT International University, Vietnam|Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology]] are located. In December 2007, Phú Mỹ Hưng's new City Centre completed the {{cvt|17.8|km|mi}} 10–14 lane wide Nguyễn Văn Linh Boulevard linking the Saigon port areas, Tân Thuận Export Processing Zone to the National Highway 1 and the [[Mekong Delta]] area. In November 2008, a brand new trade centre, Saigon Exhibition and Convention Centre, also opened its doors. Other projects include Grandview, Waterfront, Sky Garden, Riverside and Phú Gia 99. Phú Mỹ Hưng's new City Centre received the first Model New City Award from the Vietnamese Ministry of Construction.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}


In 2007, three&nbsp;million foreign tourists, about 70% of the total number of tourists to Vietnam, visited the city. Total cargo transport to city's ports reached 50.5&nbsp;million [[tonne]]s,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn/vi/tintuc_sk/tulieu/nr060206163738/nr061107160930/ns080114143359 |title=mofahcm |publisher=mofahcm |access-date=3 April 2010 |language=vi |quote=Số lượng khách quốc tế đến TPHCM đã đạt tới 3 triệu lượt người, tăng 14,6% so với năm 2006, chiếm 70% tổng lượng du khách đến VN... Lượng hàng hóa vận chuyển qua cảng đạt 50,5 triệu tấn... |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131070525/http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn/vi/tintuc_sk/tulieu/nr060206163738/nr061107160930/ns080114143359 |archive-date=31 January 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> nearly one-third of the total for Vietnam.