Editing History of Iraq (section)

=== Independent Kingdom of Iraq ===
{{Further|Kingdom of Iraq}}
[[File:Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Iraq (1921–1958).svg|thumb|Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Iraq 1932–1959]]

In 1934 Iraq became an oil exporter with the completion of the [[Kirkuk-Haifa oil pipeline]] which transported oil from the Kirkuk Field, discovered in 1927, to the Mediterranean coast for shipment to Europe. The first commercial oil production on a small scale for domestic consumption had begun in 1927 from the [[Naft Khana]] field on the border with Iran.

Establishment of Arab Sunni domination in Iraq was followed by [[Simele massacre|Assyrian]], [[1935 Yazidi revolt|Yazidi]] and [[1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts|Shi'a]] unrests, which were all brutally suppressed. In 1936, the [[1936 Iraqi coup d'état|first military coup]] took place in the Kingdom of Iraq, as [[Bakr Sidqi]] succeeded in replacing the acting Prime Minister with his associate. Multiple coups followed in a period of political instability, peaking in 1941.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

During [[World War II]], Iraqi regime of Regent [['Abd al-Ilah]] was [[1941 Iraqi coup d'état|overthrown in 1941]] by the [[Golden Square (Iraq)|Golden Square]] officers, headed by [[Rashid Ali]]. The short lived pro-Nazi government of Iraq was defeated in May 1941 by the allied forces (with local Assyrian and Kurdish help) in the [[Anglo-Iraqi War]]. Iraq was later used as a base for allied attacks on Vichy-French held [[Mandate of Syria]] and support for the [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert Lyman|title=Iraq 1941: The Battles For Basra, Habbaniya, Fallujah and Baghdad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3XFOu9NG9pwC&pg=PA12|year=2006|publisher=Osprey Publishing|pages=12–17|isbn=9781841769912}}</ref>

In 1945, Iraq joined the [[United Nations]] and became a founding member of the [[Arab League]].

In 1948, massive violent protests known as the [[Al-Wathbah uprising]] broke out across Baghdad with partial communist support, having demands against the government's treaty with Britain. Protests continued into spring and were interrupted in May when martial law was enforced as Iraq entered the failed [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]] along with other Arab League members.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

In February 1958, King [[Hussein of Jordan]] and `Abd al-Ilāh proposed a [[Arab Federation|union of Hāshimite monarchies]] to counter the recently formed Egyptian-Syrian union.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} The prime minister [[Nuri as-Said]] wanted [[Kuwait]] to be part of the proposed Arab-Hāshimite Union. Shaykh `Abd-Allāh as-Salīm, the ruler of Kuwait, was invited to Baghdad to discuss Kuwait's future. This policy brought the government of Iraq into direct conflict with Britain, which did not want to grant independence to Kuwait. At that point, the monarchy found itself completely isolated. Nuri as-Said was able to contain the rising discontent only by resorting to even greater political oppression.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}