Editing Hippie (section)

==Legacy==
{{see also|List of books and publications related to the hippie subculture|List of films related to the hippie subculture}}

===Culture===
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 | quote = Newcomers to the Internet are often startled to discover themselves not so much in some soulless colony of technocrats as in a kind of cultural Brigadoon - a flowering remnant of the '60s, when hippie communalism and libertarian politics formed the roots of the modern cyberrevolution...
|source= [[Stewart Brand]], "We Owe It All To The Hippies" (1995).<ref name="Brand_Time"/>
}}
{{Quote box
| quote = "The '60s were a leap in human consciousness. Mahatma Gandhi, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, Che Guevara, they led a revolution of conscience. The Beatles, the Doors, Jimi Hendrix created revolution and evolution themes. The music was like Dalí, with many colors and revolutionary ways. The youth of today must go there to find themselves."
| source =— [[Carlos Santana]]<ref>[http://puntodigital.com/carlos-santana-im-immortal/224228/ Carlos Santana: I'm Immortal] interview by ''Punto Digital'', October 13, 2010</ref>
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The legacy of the hippie movement continues to permeate Western society.<ref>{{citation| url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/festivals/article1994608.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514205745/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/festivals/article1994608.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=May 14, 2011 | work=The Times | location=London | title=We're all hippies now | first=Evie | last=Prichard | date=June 28, 2007 | access-date=2010-05-04}}</ref> In general, unmarried couples of all ages feel free to travel and live together without societal disapproval.<ref name="Morford" /><ref>{{citation
 |url          = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/mary_ann_sieghart/article1837763.ece
 |title        = Hey man, we're all kind of hippies now. Far out
 |author       = Mary Ann Sieghart
 |newspaper    = The Times
 |date         = May 25, 2007
 |access-date   = 2007-05-25
 |location     = London
}}{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Frankness regarding sexual matters has become more common, and the rights of [[Homosexuality|homosexual]], [[bisexual]] and [[transgender]] people, as well as people who choose not to categorize themselves at all, have expanded.<ref name=imdb>
{{citation |author=Kitchell, Mark (Director and Writer) |date=January 1990 |title=Berkeley in the Sixties |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0099121/ |medium=Documentary |publisher=Liberation |access-date=2009-05-10}}
</ref> Religious and cultural diversity has gained greater acceptance.<ref>{{Citation
     | first = George
     | last = Barnia
     | title = The Index of Leading Spiritual Indicators
     | publisher = Word Publishing
     | location = Dallas TX
     | year = 1996
     | url = http://www.religioustolerance.org/newage.htm
     | access-date = 2009-05-11
     | archive-date = 2011-01-04
     | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110104203727/http://www.religioustolerance.org/newage.htm
     | url-status = dead
     }}</ref>

Co-operative business enterprises and creative community living arrangements are more accepted than before.<ref>{{citation|author=Hip Inc. |url=http://www.hipplanet.com/books/atoz/atoz.htm |title=Hippies From A to Z by Skip Stone |website=Hipplanet.com |access-date=2012-11-21}}</ref> Some of the little hippie [[health food]] stores of the 1960s and 1970s are now large-scale, profitable businesses, due to greater interest in natural foods, herbal remedies, vitamins and other nutritional supplements.<ref>{{Citation
  | last = Baer
  | first = Hans A.
  | title = Toward An Integrative Medicine: Merging Alternative Therapies With Biomedicine
  | publisher = Rowman Altamira
  | year = 2004| pages = 2–3
  | isbn = 0-7591-0302-X
}}</ref>
It has been suggested that 1960s and 1970s counterculture embraced certain types of "[[groovy]]" science and technology. Examples include [[surfboard]] design, [[renewable energy]], [[aquaculture]] and client-centered approaches to [[midwifery]], [[childbirth]], and [[women's health]].<ref name="Distillations">{{citation|last1=  Eardley-Pryor |first1=Roger  |title=Love, Peace, and Technoscience |magazine=Distillations |date=2017|volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=38–41 |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/love-peace-and-technoscience }}</ref><ref name="Kaiser">{{citation|last1=Kaiser|first1=David|last2=McCray|first2=W. Patrick|title=Groovy Science: Knowledge, Innovation, and American Counterculture|date=2016|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=978-0-226-37291-4}}</ref>
Authors [[Stewart Brand]] and [[John Markoff]] argue that the development and popularization of personal computers and the [[Internet]] find one of their primary roots in the anti-authoritarian ethos promoted by hippie culture.<ref name="Brand_Time">{{Citation
  | last = Brand
  | first = Stewart
  | author-link = Stewart Brand
  | title = We Owe It All to the Hippies
  | magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]
  | volume = 145
  | issue = 12
  | date = Spring 1995
  | url = http://members.aye.net/~hippie/hippie/special_.htm
  | access-date = 2007-11-25
  | archive-date = 2011-05-01
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110501145441/http://members.aye.net/~hippie/hippie/special_.htm
  | url-status = dead
  }}</ref><ref name="Dormouse">{{Citation
  | last = Markoff
  | first = John
  | author-link = John Markoff
  | title = What the Dormouse Said: How the 60s Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry
  | publisher = Penguin
  | year = 2005
  | isbn = 0-670-03382-0
  | url-access = registration
  | url = https://archive.org/details/whatdormousesaid00mark
  }}</ref>

Distinct appearance and clothing was one of the immediate legacies of hippies worldwide.<ref name="Pendergast">Pendergast, Sara. (2004) ''Fashion, Costume, and Culture''. Volume 5. Modern World Part II: 1946-2003. Thomson Gale. {{ISBN|0-7876-5417-5}}</ref><ref name="Connikie">Connikie, Yvonne. (1990). ''Fashions of a Decade: The 1960s''. Facts on File. {{ISBN|0-8160-2469-3}}</ref> During the 1960s and 1970s, mustaches, beards and long hair became more commonplace and colorful, while multi-ethnic clothing dominated the fashion world. Since that time, a wide range of personal appearance options and clothing styles, including nudity, have become more widely acceptable, all of which was uncommon before the hippie era.<ref name="Connikie"/><ref>Pendergast, Sara. (2004) ''Fashion, Costume, and Culture''. Volume 5. Modern World Part II: 1946–2003. Thomson Gale. {{ISBN|0-7876-5417-5}}</ref> Hippies also inspired the decline in popularity of the [[necktie]] and other business clothing, which had been unavoidable for men during the 1950s and early 1960s. Additionally, hippie fashion itself has been commonplace in the years since the 1960s in clothing and accessories, particularly the [[peace symbol]].<ref>[http://www.chron.com/life/article/Peace-sign-makes-a-statement-in-the-fashion-world-1773516.php Sewing, Joy]; ''[[Houston Chronicle]]''; January 24, 2008; "Peace sign makes a statement in the fashion world". Retrieved June 10, 2012.</ref> [[Astrology]], including everything from serious study to whimsical amusement regarding personal traits, was integral to hippie culture.<ref>The musical ''[[Hair (musical)|Hair]]'' and a multitude of well-known contemporary song lyrics such as "The Age of Aquarius"</ref> The generation of the 1970s became influenced by the hippie and the 1960s countercultural legacy. As such in [[New York City]] musicians and audiences from the female, homosexual, Black, and Latino communities adopted several traits from the hippies and [[psychedelia]]. They included overpowering sound, free-form dancing, multi-colored, pulsating lighting, colorful costumes, and [[hallucinogens]].<ref name="Partylikeits1975">[http://www.villagevoice.com/2001-07-10/news/disco-double-take/2 Disco Double Take: New York Parties Like It's 1975] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130151059/http://www.villagevoice.com/2001-07-10/news/disco-double-take/2 |date=2015-01-30 }}. [[Village Voice]].com. ''Retrieved on August 9, 2009''.</ref><ref name="Cambridge">(1998) "The Cambridge History of American Music", {{ISBN|978-0-521-45429-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-521-45429-2}}, p.372: "Initially, disco musicians and audiences alike belonged to marginalized communities: women, gay, black, and Latinos"</ref><ref name="Traces">(2002) "Traces of the Spirit: The Religious Dimensions of Popular Music", {{ISBN|978-0-8147-9809-6}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8147-9809-6}}, p.117: "New York City was the primary center of disco, and the original audience was primarily gay African Americans and Latinos."</ref> 1960s [[Psychedelic soul]] groups like [[the Chambers Brothers]] and especially [[Sly and the Family Stone]] influenced George Clinton, [[P-funk]] and [[the Temptations]].<ref>[https://www.allmusic.com/style/psychedelic-soul-ma0000005025 Psychedelic soul] AllMusic Retirved 17 January 2022</ref> In addition, the perceived positivity, lack of irony, and earnestness of the hippies informed proto-disco music like [[M.F.S.B.]]'s album ''[[Love Is the Message (MFSB album)|Love Is the Message]]''.<ref name=Partylikeits1975/><ref>"But the pre-Saturday Night Fever dance underground was actually sweetly earnest and irony-free in its hippie-dippie positivity, as evinced by anthems like M.F.S.B.'s 'Love Is the Message'." —''Village Voice'', July 10, 2001.</ref> Disco music supported the '70s LGBT movement.

The hippie legacy in literature includes the lasting popularity of books reflecting the hippie experience, such as ''[[The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test]]''.<ref>{{Citation
  | last = Bryan
  | first = C. d. b.
  | title = 'The Pump House Gang' and 'The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test'
  | work = [[The New York Times]]
  | date = August 18, 1968
  | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1968/08/18/books/wolfe-acid.html
  | access-date =2007-08-21
}}</ref>

===Music===
In music, the [[folk rock]] and [[psychedelic rock]] popular among hippies evolved into genres such as [[acid rock]], [[World music|world beat]] and [[heavy metal music]]. [[Psychedelic trance]] (also known as psytrance) is a type of [[electronic music]] influenced by 1960s psychedelic rock. The tradition of hippie music festivals began in the United States in 1965 with Ken Kesey's [[Acid Tests]], where the [[Grateful Dead]] played tripping on [[LSD]] and initiated psychedelic jamming. For the next several decades, many hippies and neo-hippies became part of the [[Deadhead]] community, attending music and art festivals held around the country. The Grateful Dead toured continuously, with few interruptions between 1965 and 1995. [[Phish]] and their fans (called ''Phish Heads'') operated in the same manner, with the band touring continuously between 1983 and 2004. Many contemporary bands performing at hippie festivals and their derivatives are called [[jam band]]s, since they play songs that contain long instrumentals similar to the original hippie bands of the 1960s.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070124191643/http://www.jambands.com/jamband.html JamBands.com] - What is a Jam Band? Retrieved from Internet Archive December 23, 2013.</ref>

With the demise of Grateful Dead and Phish, nomadic touring hippies attend a growing series of summer festivals, the largest of which is called the [[Bonnaroo Music Festival|Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival]], which premiered in 2002. The [[Oregon Country Fair]] is a three-day festival featuring handmade crafts, educational displays and costumed entertainment. The annual [[Starwood Festival]], founded in 1981, is a seven-day event indicative of the spiritual quest of hippies through an exploration of non-mainstream religions and world-views, and has offered performances and classes by a variety of hippie and counter-culture icons.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VP5UmbX3ECwC&q=starwood+festival+1981&pg=PA163|title=Her Hidden Children: The Rise of Wicca and Paganism in America|last=Clifton|first=Chas|date=2006|page=163|publisher=Rowman Altamira|isbn=9780759102026|language=en}}</ref>

The [[Burning Man]] festival began in 1986 at a San Francisco beach party and is now held in the [[Black Rock Desert]] northeast of [[Reno, Nevada]]. Although few participants would accept the ''hippie'' label, Burning Man is a contemporary expression of alternative community in the same spirit as early hippie events. The gathering becomes a temporary city (36,500 occupants in 2005, 50,000+ in 2011), with elaborate encampments, displays, and many [[art cars]]. Other events that enjoy a large attendance include the [[Rainbow Family Gatherings]], the [[Gathering of the Vibes]], Community Peace Festivals, and the [[Woodstock Festival]]s.

===United Kingdom===
{{Further|New Age travellers|Second Summer of Love}}
In the UK, there are many [[new age travellers]] who are known as hippies to outsiders, but prefer to call themselves the [[Peace Convoy]]. They started the [[Stonehenge Free Festival]] in 1974, but [[English Heritage]] later banned the festival in 1985, resulting in the [[Battle of the Beanfield]]. With Stonehenge banned as a festival site, new age travellers gather at the annual [[Glastonbury Festival]]. Today{{when|date=August 2022}}, hippies in the UK can be found in parts of [[South West England]], such as [[Bristol]] (particularly the neighborhoods of [[Montpelier, Bristol|Montpelier]], [[Stokes Croft]], [[St Werburghs]], [[Bishopston, Bristol|Bishopston]], [[Easton, Bristol|Easton]] and [[Totterdown]]), [[Glastonbury]] in [[Somerset]], [[Totnes]] in [[Devon]], and [[Stroud]] in [[Gloucestershire]], as well as in [[Hebden Bridge]] in [[West Yorkshire]], and in areas of [[London]] and [[Cornwall]]. In the summer, many hippies and those of similar subcultures gather at numerous outdoor festivals in the countryside.

In New Zealand, between 1976 and 1981, tens of thousands of hippies gathered from around the world on large farms around [[Waihi]] and [[Waikino]] for music and alternatives festivals. Named ''[[Nambassa]]'', the festivals focused on peace, love, and a balanced lifestyle. The events featured practical [[workshops]] and displays advocating [[alternative lifestyles]], [[self sufficiency]], clean and [[sustainable energy]] and [[sustainable living]].<ref>Nambassa: A New Direction, edited by Colin Broadley and Judith Jones, A. H. & A. W. Reed, 1979. {{ISBN|0-589-01216-9}}</ref>

In the UK and Europe, the years 1987 until 1989 were marked by a large-scale revival of many characteristics of the hippie movement. This later movement, composed mostly of people aged 18 to 25, adopted much of the original hippie philosophy of love, peace and freedom. The summer of 1988 became known as the [[Second Summer of Love]]. Although the music favored by this movement was modern [[electronic music]], especially [[house music]] and [[acid house]], one could often hear songs from the original hippie era in the ''chill out rooms'' at [[rave]]s. Also, there was a trend towards psychedelic indie rock in the form of [[shoegaze]], [[dream pop]], [[Madchester]] and [[Neo-psychedelia|neo-psychedelic]] bands like [[Jesus And Mary Chain]], [[the Sundays]], [[Spacemen 3]], [[Loop (band)|Loop]], [[Stone Roses]], [[Happy Mondays]], [[Inspiral Carpets]] and [[Ride (band)|Ride]]. This was effectively a parallel soundtrack to the rave scene that was rooted as much in 1960s psychedelic rock as it was in [[post-punk]], though Madchester was more directly influenced by acid house, funk and northern soul. Many ravers were originally soul boys and [[football casuals]], and [[football hooliganism]] declined after the Second Summer of Love.

In the UK, many of the well-known figures of this movement first lived communally in [[Stroud Green, London|Stroud Green]], an area of north London located in [[Finsbury Park]]. In 1995, ''[[The Sekhmet Hypothesis]]'' attempted to link both hippie and rave culture together in relation to transactional analysis, suggesting that rave culture was a social archetype based on the mood of friendly strength, compared to the gentle hippie archetype, based on friendly weakness.<ref>''The Sekhmet Hypothesis'', Iain Spence, 1995, Bast's Blend. {{ISBN|0952536501}}</ref> The later electronic dance genres known as [[goa trance]] and [[psychedelic trance]] and its related events and culture have important hippie legacies and neo hippie elements. The popular DJ of the genre [[Goa Gil]], like other hippies from the 1960s, left the US and Western Europe to travel on the [[hippie trail]] and later developed psychedelic parties and music in the Indian state of [[Goa]], in which the goa and psytrance genres were born and exported around the world in the 1990s and 2000s.<ref>{{citation|quote=In 1969, Gilbert Levy left the Haigh Ashbury district of San Francisco and took the overland trail through Afghanistan and Pakistan, first to Bombay and then to Goa...Throughout the 1970s, Gil organized legendary parties at Anjuna- moonlight jams of non-stop music, dancing and chemical experimentation that lasted from Christmas Eve to New Year´s Day for a tribe of fellow overland travellers who called themselves the Goa Freaks...In the 90s, Gil started to use snippets from industrial music, etno techno, acid house and psychedelic rock to help create Goa Trance, dance music with a heavy spiritual accent...For Goa Gil, Goa Trance is a logical continuation of what hippies were doing back in the 60s and 70s. "The Psychedelic Revolution never really stopped" he said, "it just had to go halfway round the world to the end of a dirt road on a deserted beach, and there it was allowed to evolve and mutate, without government or media pressures.|title=Time Out: Mumbai and Goa|publisher=Time Out Guides|location=London|year=2011|page=184}}</ref>

===Media===
Popular films depicting the hippie ethos and lifestyle include ''[[Woodstock (film)|Woodstock]]'', ''[[Easy Rider]]'', ''[[Hair (film)|Hair]]'', ''[[The Doors (film)|The Doors]]'', ''[[Across the Universe (film)|Across the Universe]]'', ''[[Taking Woodstock]]'', and ''[[Crumb (film)|Crumb]]''.

In 2002, photojournalist John Bassett McCleary published a 650-page, 6,000-entry unabridged [[slang dictionary]] devoted to the language of the hippies titled ''The Hippie Dictionary: A Cultural Encyclopedia of the 1960s and 1970s''. The book was revised and expanded to 700 pages in 2004.<ref>McCleary, John Bassett. ''The Hippie Dictionary: A Cultural Encyclopedia of the 1960s and 1970s'', Ten Speed Press, 2004. {{ISBN|1580085474}}</ref><ref>{{Citation
  | last = Gates
  | first = David
  | title = Me Talk Hippie
  | newspaper = [[Newsweek]]
  | date = July 12, 2004
  | url = http://www.newsweek.com/id/54372
  | access-date = 2008-01-27
}}</ref> McCleary believes that the hippie counterculture added a significant number of words to the English language by borrowing from the lexicon of the [[Beat Generation]], through the hippies' shortening of beatnik words and then popularizing their usage.<ref>{{Citation|last=Merritt |first=Byron |title=A Groovy Interview with Author John McCleary |publisher=Fiction Writers of the Monterey Peninsula |date=August 2004 |url=http://www.fwomp.com/int-johnmccleary.htm |access-date=2008-01-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012103550/http://www.fwomp.com/int-johnmccleary.htm |archive-date=October 12, 2007 }}</ref> <!-- Please give sourced examples of Hippie vocabulary here. Words like "grok", etc. -->

<gallery widths="200px" heights="130px">
File:Ken Westerfield 1977.jpg|As a hippie, [[Ken Westerfield]] helped to popularize the alternative sport of [[Frisbee]] in the 1960s–1970s, that has become today's [[Flying disc games|disc sports]]
File:1981 People Pix.jpg|Hippies at the [[Nambassa]] 1981 Festival in New Zealand
File:Goa Gil LHS.jpg|[[Goa Gil]], original 1960s hippie who later became a pioneering electronic dance music DJ and party organizer, here appearing in the 2001 film ''[[Last Hippie Standing]]''
</gallery>