Editing Hijab (section)

===Legal enforcement===
In [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]], there was a campaign by religious conservatives such as [[Hamas]] to impose the hijab on women during the [[First Intifada]]. In 1990, the [[Unified National Leadership of the Uprising]] (UNLU) declared that it rejected the imposition of a hijab policy for women, and targeted those who seek to impose the hijab, but that declaration was argued to have come too late, as many women had already yielded to the pressure in order to avoid harassment.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://merip.org/1990/05/women-the-hijab-and-the-intifada/|title=Women, the Hijab and the Intifada|date=4 May 1990}}</ref> After [[Battle of Gaza (2007)|assuming the government in the Gaza Strip]] in June 2007, Hamas sought to enforce Islamic law, imposing the hijab on women at courts, institutions and schools.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Milton-Edwards |first1=Beverley |last2=Farrell |first2=Stephen |title=Hamas: The Islamic Resistance Movement |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozLNNbwqlAEC&q=Gaza+Hamas+hijab+women&pg=PT184 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2010 |isbn=9780745654683}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Fedorak |first=Shirley A. |title=Anthropology Matters |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X5JeG0ZaqBQC&q=Gaza+Hamas+hijab+women&pg=PA172 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2012 |page=172 |isbn=9781442605930}}</ref>

[[Iran]] transitioned from banning veils in 1936 to mandating Islamic dress for women following the 1979 Islamic Revolution.<ref name="Ramezani10">Ramezani, Reza (spring 2007). [http://www.magiran.com/view.asp?Type=pdf&ID=429897 ''Hijab dar Iran az Enqelab-e Eslami ta payan Jang-e Tahmili''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302023158/http://www.magiran.com/view.asp?Type=pdf&ID=429897 |date=2 March 2019 }} ''[Hijab in Iran from the Islamic Revolution to the end of the Imposed war]'' (Persian), Faslnamah-e Takhassusi-ye Banuvan-e Shi’ah [Quarterly Journal of Shiite Women] '''4''':11, Qom: Muassasah-e Shi’ah Shinasi, pp. 251-300, {{ISSN|1735-4730}}</ref> By 1980, veiling was required in government and educational settings, with the 1983 penal code imposing 74 lashes for not adhering to the hijab, though the exact requirements were unclear.<ref name="Ramezani10" /><ref name="bucar">{{cite book|title=Creative Conformity: The Feminist Politics of U.S. Catholic and Iranian Shi'i Women|author=Elizabeth M. Bucar|publisher=Georgetown University Press|year=2011 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQVxVEldP0sC&pg=PA118|page=118|isbn=9781589017528}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Islamic Parliament Research Center|title=قانون مجازات اسلامی (Islamic Penal Code), see ‌ماده 102 (article 102)|access-date=12 October 2016|url=http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/90789|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012181712/http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/90789|archive-date=12 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> This led to public tensions and vigilante actions regarding proper hijab.<ref name="Ramezani10" /><ref name="bucar" /> Subsequent regulations in 1984 and 1988 clarified dress-code standards, and the current penal code prescribes fines or prison terms for failing to observe hijab, without detailing its specific form.<ref name="Ramezani10" /><ref name="kelly-breslin">{{cite book|title=Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa: Progress Amid Resistance|author1=Sanja Kelly |author2=Julia Breslin|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|year=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4ZkIzcLVZsC&pg=PA126|page=126|isbn=9781442203976}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Space, Culture, and the Youth in Iran: Observing Norm Creation Processes at the Artists' House|author=Behnoosh Payvar|publisher=Springer|year=2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AJukCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT73|page=73|isbn=9781137525703}}</ref>
[[File:Irán (RPS 16-10-2019) comprando en el bazar.jpg|thumb|200px|Women wearing [[chador]]s in [[Shiraz]], Iran]]

The enforcement of the dress code in Iran has fluctuated between strict and relaxed over the years, leading to ongoing debate between conservatives and reformists like [[Hassan Rouhani]].<ref name="kelly-breslin" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Who are Islamic 'morality police'?|publisher=BBC|author=BBC Monitoring|date=22 April 2016|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36101150|access-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413170252/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36101150|archive-date=13 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The United Nations Human Rights Council has urged Iran to uphold the rights of those advocating for dress code reforms.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ohchr.org/FR/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23947&LangID=E|title=Iran must protect women's rights advocates|publisher=UN OHCHR|date=6 May 2019}}</ref> The government officially promotes stricter veiling, citing both Islamic principles and pre-Islamic Iranian culture.<ref>''Strategies for promotion of chastity'' (Persian), the official website of Iranian Majlis (04/05/1384 AP, [http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/101228 available online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019004938/http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/101228 |date=19 October 2017 }})</ref>

[[Ruhollah Khomeini]] maintained that women do not have to wear a full-body cover. He stated that women can choose any kind of attire they like so long as it covers them properly and they have a hijab. His successor, [[Ali Khamenei]], stated that the hijab does not hinder participation in social, political, or academic activities.<ref name="iranprimer.usip.org"/> In 2024, the former [[president of Iran]] Hassan Rouhani criticised the reinstatement of [[Guidance Patrol|Iran's morality police]] and the implementation of the "Noor plan" by law enforcement authorities. He expressed shock over the hijab law approved by the [[Guardian Council]] which predicted severe punishment for those violating it, saying that it "aligns neither with the [[Constitution of Iran|Constitution]], nor with justice, nor with the [[Quran|Qur'an]] and [[Islamic culture]]."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202405013051 | title=Ex-Iran President Rouhani Criticizes Reinstatement of Morality Police | date=May 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202412182980 | title=Former Iranian President Rouhani: Hijab law neither just, Islamic, nor constitutional | date=18 December 2024 }}</ref>

The Indonesian province of [[Aceh]] encourages Muslim women to wear hijab in public.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/indonesia|title=2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Indonesia|year=2022|publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref><ref name="aceh">{{cite news|title=Ban on outdoor music concerts in West Aceh due to Sharia law|author=Jewel Topsfield|date=7 April 2016|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/ban-on-outdoor-music-concerts-in-west-aceh-due-to-sharia-law-20160406-gnzvna.html|access-date=23 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826002321/http://www.smh.com.au/world/ban-on-outdoor-music-concerts-in-west-aceh-due-to-sharia-law-20160406-gnzvna.html|archive-date=26 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Government of Indonesia|Indonesia's central government]] granted Aceh's local government the right to impose [[Sharia]] in 2001, although that no local regulations should conflict with Indonesian national laws, in a deal aiming to put an end to the separatist movement in the province.<ref name="aceh" />

[[Saudi Arabia]] formally required women to cover their hair and wear a full-body garment, though enforcement varies.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mail|first=Daily|date=15 September 2019|title=Rebel Saudi women appear in public without hijab, abaya; onlookers stunned {{!}} New Straits Times|url=https://www.nst.com.my/world/world/2019/09/521602/rebel-saudi-women-appear-public-without-hijab-abaya-onlookers-stunned|access-date=29 March 2021|website=NST Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Nic Robertson|title=Saudi Arabia has changed beyond recognition. But will tourists want to visit?|date=5 December 2020 |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/saudi-arabia-fun-tourists/index.html|access-date=2021-03-29|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref name="TheNewArab">{{cite news|last=|first=|date=20 Mar 2018|title=Coverings for women 'not mandatory', says Saudi crown prince ahead of US charm offensive|newspaper=The New Arab (Al-Araby Al-Jadeed)|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2018/3/20/abayas-not-mandatory-for-women-says-saudi-crown-prince|url-status=live|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102050618/https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2018/3/20/abayas-not-mandatory-for-women-says-saudi-crown-prince|archive-date=2 January 2019|quote=Islamic clothing in Saudi Arabia is compulsory, but the crown prince has claimed this does not have to the case so long as women maintain a modest appearance in public. Saudi Arabia requires women to wear the black robe and hijab by law.}}</ref> Saudi women typically wear the abaya, while foreigners may choose long coats.<ref name="economist-saudi"/> Regulations are enforced by religious police, which once faced criticism for their role in a fire rescue where schoolgirls' lack of hijabs was reportedly a factor, leading to 15 deaths.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1874471.stm |publisher=BBC News |title=Saudi police 'stopped' fire rescue |date=15 March 2002 |access-date=14 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109001148/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1874471.stm |archive-date=9 January 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> 

During the [[Taliban]] regime in [[Afghanistan]], the wearing of the hijab is mandated for women. The requirement extends to covering not only their heads but also their faces, as it was believed that doing so would prevent any perceived impropriety and maintain modesty in society.<ref name="Gohari">M. J. Gohari (2000). ''The Taliban: Ascent to Power''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 108-110.</ref>