Editing Glossary of chess (section)

==R==
{{glossary}}

{{term|term= R|content= R {{anchor|R}} }}
{{defn|defn= Symbol used for the [[#rook|rook]] when recording chess moves in English.<ref name="Staunton 2009, p. 57">Staunton 2009, p. 57</ref>}}

{{term|term= Rabar Classification|content= Rabar Classification {{anchor|Rabar Classification|Rabar classification}} }}
{{defn|defn=A system of [[#Opening|opening]] classification codes introduced by [[Braslav Rabar]] for ''[[Chess Informant]]''. The system was used by Informant publications from 1966 to 1981 but has since been replaced by ''[[#ECO|ECO]]'' codes.<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 330</ref>}}

{{term|term= raking bishops|content= raking bishops {{anchor|Raking bishops}} }}
{{defn|defn= Another term for ''[[#Horwitz bishops|Horwitz bishops]]''.<ref>Alburt & Parr 2003, p. 113</ref>}}

{{term|term= randomized chess|content= randomized chess {{anchor|Randomized chess}} }}
{{defn|defn= "A form of unorthodox chess designed to discount knowledge of the openings. The pawns are placed as in the array and behind them the pieces are placed in unorthodox fashion."<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 331</ref> See also [[#Fischerandom|Fischerandom]].}}

{{Chess diagram small
|tright
|
|x8|  |  |qd|kd|  |  |x1
|x7|  |  |pd|pd|  |  |x2
|x6|  |  |  |  |  |  |x3
|x5|  |  |  |  |  |  |x4
|x4|  |  |  |  |  |  |x5
|x3|  |  |  |  |  |  |x6
|x2|  |  |pl|pl|  |  |x7
|x1|  |  |ql|kl|  |  |x8
|White's ranks are indicated on the left (a-file); Black's relative reference to ranks are indicated on the right (h-file).
}}
{{term|term= rank|content= rank {{anchor|Rank|ranks|Ranks}} }}
{{defn|defn= A row of squares of the [[#chessboard|chessboard]]. In [[#algebraic notation|algebraic notation]], ranks are numbered 1–8 starting from White's side of the board; however, players customarily refer to ranks from their own perspectives. For example: White's king and other pieces start on their first (or "back" or "home") rank, whereas Black calls the same rank the "eighth" (or last) rank; White's seventh rank is Black's second; and so on. If neither perspective is given, White's view is assumed. This relative reference to ranks was formalized in the older [[#descriptive notation|descriptive notation]].<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1996, pp. 331–32</ref>}}

{{term|term= rapid chess|content= [[Fast chess#Rapid chess|rapid chess]] {{anchor|Rapid chess}} }}
{{defn|defn= A form of chess with reduced time limit, usually 30 minutes per player. Also called ''active chess'' and ''action chess''.<ref>Seirawan 1992, p. 312</ref>}}

{{term|term= rating|content= rating {{anchor|Rating|ratings}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#Elo rating system|Elo rating system]]''.}}

{{term|term= recapture|content= recapture {{anchor|Recapture|recaptures}} }}
{{defn|defn= The [[#capture|capture]] of an opponent's piece that previously made a capture, and usually played immediately following the opponent's capture move. The capture and recapture occur on the same square, and usually the pieces captured and recaptured have the same [[Chess piece relative value|value]].}}

{{term|term= refute|content= refute {{anchor|Refute|refuted|refutation|refutations}} }}
{{defn|defn= To demonstrate that a strategy, move, or opening is not as good as previously thought (often, that it leads to a loss), or that previously published analysis is unsound. A refutation is sometimes colloquially referred to as a ''[[#bust|bust]]''. A refutation in the context of chess problems or endgame studies is often called a ''[[#cook|cook]]''.<ref>Soltis 2013, p. 210</ref>}}

{{term|term= related squares|content= related squares {{anchor|Related squares}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#corresponding squares|corresponding squares]]''.}}

{{term|term= relative pin|content= relative pin {{anchor|Relative pin|relative pins}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#pin|pin]] where it is legal to move the pinned piece out of the line of attack. In other words, the piece is not pinned to the king, but to some other piece. Contrast with ''[[#absolute pin|absolute pin]]'' where the pinned piece is {{em|not}} permitted to move, because the piece it is pinned to is the king.}}

{{term|term= remis|content= remis {{anchor|Remis}} }}
{{defn|defn= [from French] A [[#draw|draw]]. It literally means "reset" and is somewhat archaic (the usual word for a draw in modern French is ''nulle''), but is internationally understood and may be used between players without a common language.}}

{{term|term= repertoire|content= repertoire {{anchor|Repertoire|repertoires}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#opening repertoire|opening repertoire]]''.}}

{{term|term= reply|content= reply {{anchor|Reply|replies|replied|replying}} }}
{{defn|defn= Any move by Black after a move by White, or vice versa.}}

{{term|term= reserve tempo|content= [[Tempo (chess)#Reserve tempo|reserve tempo]] {{anchor|Reserve tempo}} }}
{{defn|defn= A move a player has available. Such a move may not be crucial to the position on the board, but being able to force the opponent to move by making a reserve move can on occasion result in a significant advantage.<ref>Pandolfini 2009, p. 96</ref>}}

{{term|term= resign|content= [[Rules of chess#Resigning|resign]] {{anchor|Resign|resigns|resigned|resignation|resignations}} }}
{{defn|defn= To concede loss of the game. A resignation is usually indicated by stopping the clocks, sometimes by offering a handshake, or by saying "I resign". A traditional way to resign is by tipping over one's king. It is common for a game to be resigned, rather than for it to end with [[#checkmate|checkmate]], because experienced players can foresee the checkmate.<ref name="Silman 1999, p. 441">Silman 1999, p. 441</ref><ref>Burgess 2000, p. 481</ref> However, under FIDE Laws, a player's resignation results in a draw if there is no sequence of legal moves that could lead to their opponent checkmating them.<ref>{{cite web |title=E. Miscellaneous / 01. Laws of Chess / FIDE Laws of Chess taking effect from 1 January 2023 / FIDE Handbook |url=https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/E012023 |website=International Chess Federation (FIDE) }}</ref>}}

{{term|term= resign on time|content = resign on time {{anchor|Resign on time}} }}
{{defn|defn= A player who intentionally runs out of time to avoid having to resign in a hopeless position can be said to have ''resigned on time''. This is usually performed in a more subtle manner than that of [[Curt von Bardeleben#Game|Curt von Bardeleben walking out of the tournament hall]] against [[Wilhelm Steinitz]]. A player low on time and in a losing position may simply "forget" to pay any attention to the clock. Resigning on time when a considerable amount of time is left is called "stalling" and is often considered to be an example of bad sportsmanship.}} 

{{term|term= reverse opening|content= reverse opening {{anchor|Reverse opening|reverse openings}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#colors reversed|colors reversed]]''.}}

{{term|term= Romantic chess|content= [[Romantic chess]] {{anchor|Romantic chess}} }}
{{defn|defn= Romantic chess was the style of chess prevalent in the 19th century. It is characterized by bold attacks and sacrifices.<ref>Grooten 2017, p. 51</ref>}}

{{term|term= rook|content= [[Rook (chess)|rook]] {{anchor|Rook|rooks}} }}
{{defn|defn= A piece that may move along [[#rank|ranks]] and [[#file|files]] without jumping.}}

{{term|term= rook lift|content= rook lift {{anchor|Rook lift|rook lifts}} }}
{{defn|defn= A maneuver that places a [[#rook|rook]] in front of its own [[#pawn|pawns]], often on the third or fourth [[#rank|rank]]. This can allow the rook to treat a [[#half-open file|half-open file]] as if it were an [[#open file|open file]], or a [[#closed file|closed file]] as if it were half-open.<ref>Pandolfini 1992, p. 102</ref>}}

{{term|term= rook pawn|content= rook pawn {{anchor|Rook pawn|rook's pawn|Rook's pawn|rook pawns}} }}
{{defn|defn= Or '''rook's pawn'''. A [[#pawn|pawn]] on the rook's [[#file|file]], i.e. the a-file or h-file. Sometimes abbreviated "RP".<ref name="Staunton 2009, pp. 2–7">Staunton 2009, pp. 2–7</ref>}}

{{term|term= round-robin tournament|content= [[round-robin tournament]] {{anchor|Round-robin tournament|round-robin tournaments}} }}
{{defn|defn= This is a tournament in which each participant plays every other participant an equal number of times. In a double round-robin tournament the participants play each other exactly twice, once with white and once with black. A round robin tournament is commonly used if the number of participants is relatively small.<ref name="Ashley 2007, p. 238">Ashley 2007, p. 238</ref> See also ''[[#Swiss tournament|Swiss tournament]]''.}}

{{term|term= royal fork|content= royal fork {{anchor|Royal fork}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#fork|fork]] threatening the king and queen, typically performed with a knight.<ref>Seirawan & Silman 1994, p. 247</ref>}}

{{term|term= royal piece|content= royal piece {{anchor|Royal piece|royal pieces}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#king|king]] or [[#queen|queen]].<ref name="Staunton 2009, pp. 2–7">Staunton 2009, pp. 2–7</ref> In [[#chess variant|chess variants]], the term refers to any piece that must be protected from capture; under this definition, only the king is royal in orthodox chess.}}

{{glossary end}}