Editing Glossary of Islam (section)

==S==
;[[Islam and blasphemy|Sabb]] ({{lang|ar|سَبّ}}): blasphemy: insulting God (''sabb Allah'') or Muhammad (''sabb ar-rasūl'' or ''sabb an-nabī'').
;[[Sabr (Islamic term)|{{Transliteration|sem|Ṣabr}}]] ({{lang|ar|صبر}}): patience, endurance, self-restraint
;[[Sadaqah|Ṣadaqah]] ({{lang|ar|صدقة}}): charity; voluntary alms above the amount for [[zakat]].
;[[Sahabah|Ṣaḥābah]] ({{lang|ar|الصحابة}}) (sing. ''Ṣāḥib'') ({{lang|ar|صاحب}}): companions of [[Muhammad]]. A list of the best-known Companions can be found at [[salaf|List of companions of Muhammad]].
;[[Sahih|Ṣāḥīḥ]] ({{lang|ar|صحيح}}) : "Sound in isnad." A technical attribute applied to the "isnad" of a hadith.
;[[Sakina|Sakīnah]] ({{lang|ar|سكينة}}) : divine "tranquility" or "peace" which descends upon a person when the [[Qur'an]] is recited.
;[[Salaf]] ({{lang|ar|الصالح}}) : (righteous) predecessors/ancestors. In Islam, Salaf is generally used to refer to the first three generations of Muslims. Anyone who died after this is one of the ''khalaf'' or "latter-day Muslims".
;[[Salafism]]: a reform movement, basing Islamic teachings on [[Quran and Sunnah]] alone. Contrary to Classical Sunnism, it disregards former established [[ijma|consensus]] and the opinions of the [[Sahaba]].
;[[Salat|Ṣalāt]] ({{lang|ar|صلاة}}) sala(t): any one of the daily five obligatory prayers. Sunnis regard this as the second [[Five Pillars of Islam|Pillar of Islam]]
; Salaat al-Istikharah: Prayer for guidance is done in conjunction with two rakaahs of supererogatory prayer.
;[[S-L-M|Salām]] ({{lang|ar|سلام}}) : peace (see sulh)
;[[Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam]] ({{lang|ar|سلم}}) : "May Allah bless him and grant him peace." The expression is often used after Muhammad's name. See abbreviation: '''''S.A.W.''''' or '''''S.A.W.S.''''' also '''''P.B.U.H.'''''
;Ṣamad ({{lang|ar|صمد}}) : eternal, absolute; Muslims believe Allah is "The Eternal."
;[[Salsabil (Quran)|Salsabīl]] ({{lang|ar|سلسبيل}}): a river in heaven (al-firdaus)
; Sawa : awakening, revival
; [[Peace be upon him (Islam)|S.A.W.]] (or S.A.W.S.) : [[Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam]] ({{lang|ar|سلم}}). See '''''P.B.U.H.'''''
;[[Sawm|{{Transliteration|sem|Ṣawm}}]] ({{lang|ar|صَوم}}) : fasting during the month of [[Ramadhan]]. The word ''sawm'' is derived from [[Syriac language|Syriac]] ''sawmo''.
;[[Sayyid]] ({{lang|ar|سيّد}}''', also spelled''' ''Seyed''): (in everyday usage, equivalent to '[[Mr.]]') a descendant of a relative of Muhammad, usually via [[Husayn]].
; ''[[Seghatoleslam]]'' ({{lang|ar|ثقة الاسلام}}),({{lang|fa|ثقت الاسلام }}): ''Trustworthy of Islam'', Title given to religious scholars in [[Sh'ia]] sect. 
;[[Sema (Islamic term)|Sema]] : refer to some of the ceremonies used by various [[sufism|Sufi]] orders
;[[Shahadah|Shahādah]] ({{lang|ar|الشهادة}}) : The testimony of faith: ''La ilaha illa Allah. Muhammadun rasulullah.'' ("There is no god but Allah. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah."). Sunnis regard this as the first [[Five Pillars of Islam|Pillar of Islam]]. Also may be used as a synonym for the term [[Shahid (martyr)|Istish'hād]] meaning martyrdom.
;[[Shahid (martyr)|Shahīd]] ({{lang|ar|شهيد}}) pl. shuhadāʾ ({{lang|ar|شهداء}}) : witness, martyr. Usually refers to a person killed whilst fighting in ''"jihād fī sabīl Allāh"'' (jihad for the sake of Allah). Often used in modern times for deaths in a political cause (including victims of soldiers, deaths in battle, et cetera) which are viewed by some Muslims as a spiritual cause not just a political cause. But the real meaning of Jihad is to defend Islam in any way; thus, it could be in an economic way or could refer to fighting for the rights of the oppressed or the believers; most often it refers to mastering one's own inclination for evil and shirk.
;[[Shaykh]] ({{lang|ar|شيخ}}) : a spiritual master, Muslim clergy
;[[Sharia|{{Transliteration|sem|Sharīʿah}}]] ({{lang|ar|الشريعة}}) : "the path to a watering hole"; Islamic law; the eternal [[ethical code]] and [[moral code]] based on the [[Qur'an]], [[Sunnah]], [[Ijma]], and [[Qiyas]]; basis of Islamic jurisprudence ([[fiqh]])
;[[Sharif|Sharīf]] ({{lang|ar|شريف}}) : a title bestowed upon the descendants of Muhammad through Hasan, son of his daughter Fatima Zahra and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib
;[[Shaitan|Shayṭān]] ({{lang|ar|شيطان}}) : Evil being; a devil. With the article ''Al-'' it designates Satan ([[Iblis]]) in particular. In plural, it designates an indefined host of evil spirits; devils. Also applied to evil humans and evil jinn.
;[[Shi'a|{{Transliteration|sem|Shīʿah}}]] ({{lang|ar|الشيعة}}) :A branch of Islam who believe in Imam Ali and his sons (Hassan and Hussayn) as custodians of Islam by the will of Mohammed.
;[[Shirk (idolatry)|Shirk]] ({{lang|ar|شرك}}) : idolatry; polytheism; the sin of believing in any divinity except God and of associating other gods with God.
;[[Shura|Shūrā]] ({{lang|ar|شورى}}) : consultation
:; [[majlis ash-shura|Majlis ash-shūrā]] ({{lang|ar|الشورى}}) : advisory council in a Caliphate
;[[Sidrat al-Muntaha]] ({{lang|ar|المنتهى }}): a lotus tree that marks the end of the seventh heaven, the boundary where no creation can pass.
; [[Sirat Rasul Allah|Sīrah]] ({{lang|ar|السيرة}}) : life or biography of [[Muhammad]]; his [[moral example]] – with [[hadith]] this comprises the [[sunnah]]
;[[Sirat al-Mustaqim|aṣ-Ṣirāṭ al-mustaqīm]] ( {{lang|ar|المستقيم}}) : the Straight Path
;Subah Sadiq : true dawn
; [[Subhanahu wa ta'ala|Subḥānahu wa taʿāla]] ({{lang|ar|تعالى}})(abbreviated S.W.T.) : expression used following written name or vocalization of ''Allah'' in Arabic meaning highly praised and glorified is He.
; [[Subhan'Allah|Subḥān allāh]] ({{lang|ar|سبحان الله}}) : "Glory to God" – this phrase is often used when praising God or exclaiming awe at His attributes, bounties, or creation.
;[[Sufi|{{Transliteration|sem|Ṣūfī}}]] ({{lang|ar|صوفي}}) : a Muslim mystic; See: Sufism ([[Sufism|tasawwuf]]).
;[[Suhoor|Suḥūr]] ({{lang|ar|سحور}}) : the meal eaten by fasting Muslims just before dawn.
;[[Sujud|Sujūd]]({{lang|ar|سجود}}): kneeling down, a position of [[salat]].
;[[Sukuk|Ṣukūk]] ({{lang|ar|صكوك}}): bond that generates revenue from sales, profits, or leases rather than interest.
;[[Sulh|Ṣulḥ]] ({{lang|ar|صلح}}) : A condition of peace, an armistice, or treaty. It is related to the word muṣālaḥah ({{lang|ar|مصالحة}}) which means peace, conciliation, or compromise.
;[[Sunnah]] ({{lang|ar|السنّة}}) or [[Sunnah|sunnat an-Nabī]] ({{lang|ar|سنّة النبي}}) : the "path" or "example" of Muhammad, i.e., what he did or said or agreed to during his life. He is considered by Muslims to be the best human moral example. Also referring to optional good deeds, such as pious deeds and voluntary ritual prayers.
;[[Sunni]] ({{lang|ar|سنّي}}) : the largest denomination of Islam. The word Sunni comes from the word Sunnah (Arabic: {{lang|ar|سنة}}), which means the words and actions or example of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.
;[[Sura|Sūrah]] ({{lang|ar|سورة}}) : chapter; the [[Qur'an]] is composed of 114 suras