Editing Gallium (section)

===Other uses===
'''Neutrino detection''': Gallium is used for [[neutrino detection]]. Possibly the largest amount of pure gallium ever collected in a single location is the Gallium-Germanium Neutrino Telescope used by the [[SAGE (Soviet-American Gallium Experiment)|SAGE experiment]] at the [[Baksan Neutrino Observatory]] in Russia. This detector contains 55–57 tonnes (~9 cubic metres) of liquid gallium.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://ewi.npl.washington.edu/sage/|title= Russian American Gallium Experiment|date= 19 October 2001|access-date= 24 June 2009|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100705232418/http://ewi.npl.washington.edu/SAGE/|archive-date= 5 July 2010|url-status= dead}}</ref> Another experiment was the [[GALLEX]] neutrino detector operated in the early 1990s in an Italian mountain tunnel. The detector contained 12.2 tons of watered gallium-71. [[Solar neutrino]]s caused a few atoms of <sup>71</sup>Ga to become radioactive <sup>71</sup>[[germanium|Ge]], which were detected. This experiment showed that the solar neutrino flux is 40% less than theory predicted. This deficit ([[solar neutrino problem]]) was not explained until better solar neutrino detectors and theories were constructed (see [[Sudbury Neutrino Observatory|SNO]]).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://wwwlapp.in2p3.fr/neutrinos/anexp.html#gallex|title= Neutrino Detectors Experiments: GALLEX|date= 26 June 1999|access-date= 20 November 2008}}</ref>

'''Ion source''': Gallium is also used as a [[liquid metal ion source]] for a [[focused ion beam]]. For example, a focused gallium-ion beam was used to create the world's smallest book, ''[[Teeny Ted from Turnip Town]]''.<ref name="pr">[https://www.sfu.ca/mediapr/news_releases/archives/news04110701.htm "Nano lab produces world's smallest book"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013010453/https://www.sfu.ca/mediapr/news_releases/archives/news04110701.htm |date=13 October 2015 }}. Simon Fraser University. 11 April 2007. Retrieved 31 January 2013.</ref>

'''Lubricants''': Gallium serves as an additive in [[glide wax]] for skis and other low-friction surface materials.<ref>{{cite patent |inventor1-last=Sugimura |inventor1-first=Kentaro |inventor2-last=Hasimoto |inventor2-first=Shoji |inventor3-last=Ono |inventor3-first=Takayuki |title=Use of a synthetic resin composition containing gallium particles in the glide surfacing material of skis and other applications |issue-date=1995 |patent-number=5069803 |country-code= US}}</ref>

'''Flexible electronics''': Materials scientists speculate that the properties of gallium could make it suitable for the development of flexible and wearable devices.<ref name="Kleiner">{{cite journal |last1=Kleiner |first1=Kurt |title=Gallium: The liquid metal that could transform soft electronics |journal=Knowable Magazine |date=3 May 2022 |doi=10.1146/knowable-050322-2  |doi-access=free |url=https://knowablemagazine.org/article/technology/2022/gallium-liquid-metal-could-transform-soft-electronics |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="Tang">{{cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=Shi-Yang |last2=Tabor |first2=Christopher |last3=Kalantar-Zadeh |first3=Kourosh |last4=Dickey |first4=Michael D. |title=Gallium Liquid Metal: The Devil's Elixir |journal=Annual Review of Materials Research |date=26 July 2021 |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=381–408 |doi=10.1146/annurev-matsci-080819-125403 |bibcode=2021AnRMS..51..381T |s2cid=236566966 |issn=1531-7331|doi-access=free }}</ref>

'''Hydrogen generation''': Gallium disrupts the [[Passivation (chemistry)|protective oxide layer]] on aluminium, allowing water to react with the aluminium in [[AlGa]] to produce hydrogen gas.<ref name="Amberchan 2022">{{cite journal |last1=Amberchan |first1=Gabriella |last2=Lopez |first2=Isai |last3=Ehlke |first3=Beatriz |last4=Barnett |first4=Jeremy |last5=Bao |first5=Neo Y. |last6=Allen |first6=A’Lester |last7=Singaram |first7=Bakthan |last8=Oliver |first8=Scott R. J. |title=Aluminum Nanoparticles from a Ga–Al Composite for Water Splitting and Hydrogen Generation |journal=ACS Applied Nano Materials |date=25 February 2022 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=2636–2643 |doi=10.1021/acsanm.1c04331 }}</ref>

'''Humor''': A well-known [[practical joke]] among chemists is to fashion gallium spoons and use them to serve tea to unsuspecting guests, since gallium has a similar appearance to its lighter homolog aluminium. The spoons then melt in the hot tea.<ref name="Sam Kean2010">{{cite book|author=Kean, Sam|title=The Disappearing Spoon: And Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World from the Periodic Table of the Elements|url=https://archive.org/details/disappearingspoo0000kean|date=2010|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|location=Boston|isbn=978-0-316-05164-4|url-access=registration}}</ref>