Editing Frank Lloyd Wright (section)

===Usonian Houses===
[[File:Weltzheimer Johnson House 2010.jpg|thumb|[[Weltzheimer/Johnson House|Charles Weltzheimer Residence]], Oberlin, Ohio (1948)]]
{{Main|Usonia}}

Wright is responsible for a series of concepts of suburban development united under the term [[Broadacre City]]. He proposed the idea in his book ''The Disappearing City'' in 1932 and unveiled a {{convert|12|ft2|m2|adj=on}} model of this community of the future, showing it in several venues in the following years.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} Concurrent with the development of Broadacre City, also referred to as Usonia, Wright conceived a new type of dwelling that came to be known as the [[Usonia]]n House. Although an early version of the form can be seen in the [[Malcolm Willey House]] (1934) in Minneapolis, the Usonian ideal emerged most completely in the [[Herbert and Katherine Jacobs First House]] (1937) in Madison, Wisconsin.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} Designed on a gridded concrete slab that integrated the house's radiant heating system, the house featured new approaches to construction, including walls composed of a "sandwich" of wood siding, plywood cores and building paper{{snd}}a significant change from typically framed walls.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} Usonian houses commonly featured flat roofs and were usually constructed without basements or attics, all features that Wright had been promoting since the early 20th century.<ref>Twombly, p. 242.</ref>

Usonian houses were Wright's response to the transformation of domestic life that occurred in the early 20th century when servants had become less prominent or completely absent from most American households. By developing homes with progressively more open plans, Wright allotted the woman of the house a "workspace", as he often called the kitchen, where she could keep track of and be available for the children and/or guests in the dining room.<ref>Twombly, p. 257.</ref> As in the Prairie Houses, Usonian living areas had a fireplace as a point of focus. Bedrooms, typically isolated and relatively small, encouraged the family to gather in the main living areas. The conception of spaces instead of rooms was a development of the Prairie ideal.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} The built-in furnishings related to the Arts and Crafts movement's principles that influenced Wright's early work.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} Spatially and in terms of their construction, the Usonian houses represented a new model for independent living and allowed dozens of clients to live in a Wright-designed house at a relatively low cost.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} His Usonian homes set a new style for suburban design that influenced countless postwar developers. Many features of modern American homes date back to Wright: open plans, slab-on-grade foundations, and simplified construction techniques that allowed more mechanization and efficiency in construction.<ref>Twombly, p. 244.</ref>