Editing François Duvalier (section)

==Books and films==
Many books have been written about the Duvalier era in Haiti, the best known of which is [[Graham Greene]]'s novel ''[[The Comedians (novel)|The Comedians]]''.<ref name="Greene 1966">{{citation |mode=cs1 |last=Greene |first=Graham |author-link=Graham Greene |title=The Comedians |date=1966 |publisher=The Viking Press |location=New York |asin=B0078EPH2C |lccn=66012636 |oclc=365953 |ol=106070W|title-link=The Comedians (novel) }}</ref> Duvalier, however, dismissed the piece and referred to its author as "a cretin, a stool pigeon, sadistic, unbalanced, perverted, a perfect {{sic|ignoramous}}, lying to his heart's content, the shame of proud and noble England, a spy, a drug addict, and a torturer".<ref name="French 1991">{{citation |mode=cs1 |last=French |first=Howard W. |author-link=Howard W. French |date=27 April 1991 |title=Haiti Recalls Greene With Gratitude |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/27/movies/haiti-recalls-greene-with-gratitude.html |newspaper=New York Times |agency=Associated Press |issn=0362-4331 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525232908/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/27/movies/haiti-recalls-greene-with-gratitude.html |archive-date=25 May 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The book was later made into a [[The Comedians (1967 film)|film]]. Greene himself was declared ''{{nowrap|[[persona non grata]]}}'' and barred from entering Haiti.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

[[Alan Whicker]] featured Duvalier in a 1969 episode of ''[[Whicker's World]]'', which included an interview with the president.<ref name="Whicker 1969">{{cite episode |title=Papa Doc: The Black Sheep |url=http://vimeo.com/104023078 |series=Whicker's World |series-link=Whicker's World |last=Whicker |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Whicker |work=BBC |location=London |date=17 June 1969 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031204020/http://player.vimeo.com/video/104023078?autoplay=1&byline=0&portrait=0 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Made by [[Yorkshire Television]], the documentary is deeply revealing of Duvalier's character and of the state of Haiti in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Papa Doc – The Black Sheep (1969)|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6a03bdf8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129124019/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6a03bdf8|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 November 2021|access-date=22 September 2021|website=BFI|language=en}}</ref>

The first authoritative book on the subject was ''Papa Doc: Haiti and its Dictator'' by [[Al Burt]] and [[Bernard Diederich]], published in 1969,<ref name="Diederich Burt 1969">{{citation |mode=cs1 |last1=Diederich |first1=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Diederich |last2=Burt |first2=Al |author2-link=Al Burt |title=Papa Doc: Haiti and Its Dictator |date=1969 |publisher=The Bodley Head |location=London |isbn=978-0-370-01326-8 |lccn=76532183 |oclc=221276122 |ol=5009670M}}</ref> though several others by Haitian scholars and historians have appeared since Duvalier's death in 1971. One of the most informative, Patrick Lemoine's ''Fort‑Dimanche: Dungeon of Death'', dealt specifically with victims of [[Fort Dimanche]], the prison which Duvalier used for the torture and murder of his political opponents.<ref name="Lemoine 2011">{{citation |mode=cs1 |last=Lemoine |first=Patrick |author-link=Patrick Lemoine |title=Fort-Dimanche, Dungeon of Death |date=2011 |orig-year=1st pub. 1996 as ''Fort‑Dimanche, Fort‑la‑Mort'' |editor-last=Prézeau |editor-first=Maryse |translator-last=Haspil |translator-first=Frantz |publisher=Trafford Publishing |location=Bloomington, Indiana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7Ufdtaeq-UC |isbn=978-1-4269-6624-8 |lccn=2011906135 |oclc=45461011}}</ref>

In 2007, John Marquis wrote ''Papa Doc: Portrait of a Haitian Tyrant'',<ref name="Marquis 2007">{{citation |mode=cs1 |last=Marquis |first=John |author-link=John Marquis |title=Papa Doc: Portrait of a Haitian Tyrant |date=2007 |publisher=LMH Publishing |location=Kingston, Jamaica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LseQGAAACAAJ |isbn=978-976-8202-49-9 |oclc=692302388}}</ref> which relied in part on records from a 1968 espionage trial in Haiti to detail numerous attempts on Duvalier's life. The trial's defendant, David Knox, was a [[The Bahamas|Bahamian]] director of information. Knox lost and was sentenced to death, but he was later granted amnesty.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bahamas Director of Information given death sentence in Haiti 1968 |url=https://bahamianology.com/bahamas-director-of-information-given-death-sentence-in-haiti-1968/ |access-date=25 September 2018 |work=Bahamianology}}</ref>