Editing Electronic music (section)

===Japanese instruments===
[[File:YAMAHA Electone D-1.jpg|thumb|160px|Early [[electronic organ]]: Yamaha [[Electone]] D-1 (1959)]]
In the 1950s,<ref name=CrodaOrgan2017>{{cite web |title=クロダオルガン修理 |trans-title=Croda Organ Repair |url=http://crodaorganservice.com/ |language=ja |website=CrodaOrganService.com |date=May 2017 |quote=クロダオルガン株式会社(昭和30年 [1955] 創業、2007年に解散)は約50年の歴史のあいだに自社製造のクロダトーン...の販売、設置をおこなってきましたが、[2007]クロダオルガン株式会社廃業... |trans-quote=Kuroda Organ Co., Ltd. (founded in 1955, dissolved in 2007) has been selling and installing its own manufactured Kurodatone ... during about 50 years of history, but [in 2007] the Croda Organ closed business...}}</ref><ref name=DiamondDir1993p752>{{cite book |chapter=Vicotor Company of Japan, Ltd. |title=Diamond's Japan Business Directory |language=ja |publisher=Diamond Lead Company |date=1993 |isbn=978-4-924360-01-3 |page=752 |quote=[JVC] Developed Japan's first electronic organ, 1958}}. {{em|Note}}: the first model by [[JVC]] was "EO-4420" in 1958. See also the Japanese Wikipedia article: "[[w:ja:ビクトロン#機種]]".</ref> Japanese [[electronic musical instrument]]s began influencing the international [[music industry]].<ref name=Palmieri2004>{{cite book |first=Robert |last=Palmieri |title=The Piano: An Encyclopedia |series=Encyclopedia of keyboard instruments |edition=2nd |publisher=Routledge |date=2004 |isbn=978-1-135-94963-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=SQaUAgAAQBAJ&dq=Yamaha%20Electone%201959&pg=PT406 406] |quote=the development [and release] in 1959 of an all-transistor Electone electronic organ, first in a successful series of Yamaha electronic instruments. It was a milestone for Japan's music industry.}}. {{em|Note}}: the first model by [[Yamaha Corporation|Yamaha]] was [[List of Yamaha Corporation products#Electronic organs|"D-1"]] in 1959."</ref><ref name="cambridge">Russell Hartenberger (2016), [https://books.google.com/books?id=G2WSCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA84 ''The Cambridge Companion to Percussion'', p. 84], Cambridge University Press</ref> [[Ikutaro Kakehashi]], who founded [[Ace Tone]] in 1960, developed his own version of electronic percussion that had been already popular on the overseas electronic organ.<ref name="sos_roland">{{citation |last=Reid |first=Gordon |date=2004 |title=The History Of Roland Part 1: 1930–1978 |journal=[[Sound on Sound]] |issue=November |url=http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/nov04/articles/roland.htm |access-date=19 June 2011 }}</ref> At the 1964 [[NAMM Show]], he revealed it as the R-1 Rhythm Ace, a hand-operated percussion device that played electronic drum sounds manually as the user pushed buttons, in a similar fashion to modern electronic drum pads.<ref name="sos_roland"/><ref>Matt Dean (2011), [https://books.google.com/books?id=9RmN7w8kVpAC&pg=PA390 ''The Drum: A History'', page 390], [[Scarecrow Press]]</ref><ref name="fact2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.factmag.com/2016/09/22/the-14-drum-machines-that-shaped-modern-music/|title=The 14 drum machines that shaped modern music|date=22 September 2016}}</ref>

[[Image:KORG Donca Matic DA-20 (1963) clip1.jpg|thumb|120px|Early [[drum machine]]: [[Korg]] Donca Matic DA-20 (1963)]]
In 1963, [[Korg]] released the [[List of Korg products#1960s|Donca-Matic DA-20]], an electro-mechanical [[drum machine]].<ref name=DoncaMatic/> In 1965, [[Nippon Columbia]] patented a fully electronic drum machine.<ref name=US3482027>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.ms/patents/US3482027|title=Automatic rhythm instrument}}</ref> Korg released the Donca-Matic DC-11 electronic drum machine in 1966, which they followed with the [[Korg Mini Pops]], which was developed as an option for the [[Yamaha Electone]] electric organ.<ref name=DoncaMatic>{{cite web
 | title     = Donca-Matic (1963)
 | url     = http://www.korg.co.jp/SoundMakeup/Museum/Doncamatic/
 | work     = Korg Museum
 | publisher     = [[Korg]]
 | access-date     = 2 May 2017
 | archive-date     = 3 September 2005
 | archive-url     = https://web.archive.org/web/20050903144901/http://www.korg.co.jp/SoundMakeup/Museum/Doncamatic/
 }}</ref> Korg's Stageman and Mini Pops series were notable for "natural metallic percussion" sounds and incorporating controls for drum "[[Break (music)|breaks]] and [[Fill (music)|fill-ins]]."<ref name="cambridge"/>

In 1967, Ace Tone founder [[Ikutaro Kakehashi]] patented a preset rhythm-pattern generator using [[diode matrix]] circuit<ref name=uspat3651241>
{{cite patent
 | country = US
 | number  = 3651241
 | status  = patent
 | title   = Automatic Rhythm Performance Device
 | inventor= [[Ikutaro Kakehashi]] (Ace Electronics Industries, Inc.)
 | fdate   = 3 June 1971
 | gdate   = 1972-03-21
}}</ref> similar to the [[Seeburg Corporation|Seeburg]]'s prior {{US patent|3358068}} filed in 1964 (See [[Drum machine#History]]), which he released as the FR-1 Rhythm Ace drum machine the same year.<ref name="sos_roland"/> It offered 16 preset patterns, and four buttons to manually play each instrument sound ([[cymbal]], [[claves]], [[cowbell]] and [[bass drum]]). The rhythm patterns could also be cascaded together by pushing multiple rhythm buttons simultaneously, and the possible combination of rhythm patterns were more than a hundred.<ref name="sos_roland"/> Ace Tone's Rhythm Ace drum machines found their way into [[popular music]] from the late 1960s, followed by Korg drum machines in the 1970s.<ref name="cambridge"/> Kakehashi later left Ace Tone and founded [[Roland Corporation]] in 1972, with [[:Category:Roland synthesizers|Roland synthesizers]] and [[:Category:Roland drum machines|drum machines]] becoming highly influential for the next several decades.<ref name="sos_roland"/> The company would go on to have a big impact on [[popular music]], and do more to shape popular electronic music than any other company.<ref name="fact2016"/>

[[Image:Technics SL-1200MK2-2.jpg|thumb|160px|[[Direct-drive turntable]]: {{nowrap|[[Technics (brand)|Technics]] SL-1200}} (introduced in 1972)]]
[[Turntablism]] has origins in the invention of [[direct-drive turntable]]s. Early [[belt-drive turntable]]s were unsuitable for turntablism, since they had a slow start-up time, and they were prone to wear-and-tear and breakage, as the belt would break from backspin or scratching.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=LApZ8KV7bZAC&pg=PA43 ''The World of DJs and the Turntable Culture'', page 43], [[Hal Leonard Corporation]], 2003</ref> The first direct-drive turntable was invented by Shuichi Obata, an engineer at [[Panasonic|Matsushita]] (now [[Panasonic]]),<ref>''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', 21 May 1977, [https://books.google.com/books?id=XCMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT140 page 140]</ref> based in [[Osaka]], Japan. It eliminated belts, and instead employed a motor to directly drive a platter on which a vinyl record rests.<ref name="oxford">Trevor Pinch, Karin Bijsterveld, [https://books.google.com/books?id=KuRfLG0IedYC&pg=PA515 ''The Oxford Handbook of Sound Studies'', page 515], [[Oxford University Press]]</ref> In 1969, Matsushita released it as the [[Technics (brand)|SP-10]],<ref name="oxford"/> the first direct-drive turntable on the market,<ref name="reverb">{{cite web|title=History of the Record Player Part II: The Rise and Fall|url=https://reverb.com/news/history-of-the-record-player-part-ii-the-rise-and-fall|website=[[Reverb.com]]|date=October 2015|access-date=5 June 2016}}</ref> and the first in their influential [[Technics (brand)|Technics]] series of turntables.<ref name="oxford"/> It was succeeded by the Technics SL-1100 and [[Technics SL-1200|SL-1200]] in the early 1970s, and they were widely adopted by [[hip hop music]]ians,<ref name="oxford"/> with the SL-1200 remaining the most widely used turntable in DJ culture for several decades.<ref name="wired">[https://www.wired.com/2002/05/blackbox/ Six Machines That Changed The Music World], ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'', May 2002</ref>