Editing Edinburgh (section)

===Climate===
[[File:Edinburgh - Princes Street Gardens (49944531007).jpg|thumb|right|Sunshine in [[Princes Street Gardens]]]]

Like most of Scotland, Edinburgh has a cool [[temperate climate|temperate]] [[maritime climate]] (''Cfb'') which, despite its northerly latitude, is milder than places which lie at similar latitudes such as [[Moscow]] and [[Labrador]].<ref name="temperature">{{Cite web |title=Regional Climate – Eastern Scotland |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/regional-climates/es |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516005631/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/regional-climates/es |archive-date=16 May 2013 |access-date=19 April 2009 |publisher=Met Office}}</ref> The city's proximity to the sea mitigates any large variations in temperature or extremes of climate. Winter daytime temperatures rarely fall below freezing while summer temperatures are moderate, rarely exceeding {{cvt|22|C}}.<ref name="temperature" /> The highest temperature recorded in the city was {{cvt|31.6|C}} on 25 July 2019<ref name="temperature" /> at Gogarbank, beating the previous record of {{cvt|31|C}} on 4 August 1975 at Edinburgh Airport.<ref>{{Cite web |title=It's the hottest day ever – Edinburgh roasts as Capital breaks all-time temperature record |url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/weather/it-s-the-hottest-day-ever-edinburgh-roasts-as-capital-breaks-all-time-temperature-record-1-4971315/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725191952/https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/weather/it-s-the-hottest-day-ever-edinburgh-roasts-as-capital-breaks-all-time-temperature-record-1-4971315 |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref> The lowest temperature recorded in recent years was {{cvt|-14.6|C}} during December 2010 at Gogarbank.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2010 |title=December 2010 minimum |url=http://metofficenews.wordpress.com/2010/12/08/minimum-temperatures-and-snow-across-the-uk-last-night/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112235510/http://metofficenews.wordpress.com/2010/12/08/minimum-temperatures-and-snow-across-the-uk-last-night/ |archive-date=12 January 2012 |access-date=31 October 2011}}</ref>

Given Edinburgh's position between the coast and hills, it is renowned as "the windy city", with the prevailing wind direction coming from the south-west, which is often associated with warm, unstable air from the [[North Atlantic Current]] that can give rise to rainfall – although considerably less than cities to the west, such as Glasgow.<ref name="temperature" /> Rainfall is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year.<ref name="temperature" /> Winds from an easterly direction are usually drier but considerably colder, and may be accompanied by [[haar (fog)|haar]], a persistent coastal fog. Vigorous Atlantic depressions, known as [[European windstorm]]s, can affect the city between October and April.<ref name="temperature" />

Located slightly north of the city centre, the weather station at the [[Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh]] (RBGE) has been an official weather station for the [[Met Office]] since 1956.
The Met Office operates its own weather station at Gogarbank on the city's western outskirts, near [[Edinburgh Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Edinburgh Gogarbank Climate Averages 1981–2010 |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcvw5vmsn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909205528/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcvw5vmsn |archive-date=9 September 2015 |access-date=11 August 2015 |publisher=Met Office}}</ref> This slightly inland station has a slightly wider temperature span between seasons, is cloudier and somewhat wetter, but differences are minor.

Temperature and rainfall records have been kept at the Royal Observatory since 1764.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niederschlagsmonatssummen EDINB.OBS./BLACKFORD 1785- 1987 |url=http://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/pedinbu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105212026/http://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/pedinbu.html |archive-date=5 January 2019 |access-date=3 July 2019}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Edinburgh ([[Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh|RBGE]]),{{efn|Weather station is located {{cvt|0.9|mi|1|abbr=out}} from the Edinburgh city centre.}} elevation: {{cvt|23|m|ft|0}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–present
| collapsed    = 
| metric first = y
| single line  = y
| Jan record high C = 15.0
| Feb record high C = 15.2
| Mar record high C = 20.0
| Apr record high C = 24.1
| May record high C = 29.0
| Jun record high C = 27.8
| Jul record high C = 31.6
| Aug record high C = 31.4
| Sep record high C = 26.7
| Oct record high C = 24.4
| Nov record high C = 20.6
| Dec record high C = 15.4
| Jan high C = 7.3
| Feb high C = 8.0
| Mar high C = 9.7
| Apr high C = 12.2
| May high C = 14.9
| Jun high C = 17.4
| Jul high C = 19.3
| Aug high C = 19.1
| Sep high C = 16.9
| Oct high C = 13.4
| Nov high C = 9.9
| Dec high C = 7.3
| year high C = 13.0
| Jan mean C = 4.5
| Feb mean C = 4.8
| Mar mean C = 6.3
| Apr mean C = 8.4
| May mean C = 11.0
| Jun mean C = 13.7
| Jul mean C = 15.4
| Aug mean C = 15.3
| Sep mean C = 13.3
| Oct mean C = 10.0
| Nov mean C = 6.8
| Dec mean C = 4.5
| year mean C = 9.5
| Jan low C = 1.7
| Feb low C = 1.7
| Mar low C = 2.9
| Apr low C = 4.7
| May low C = 7.1
| Jun low C = 9.9
| Jul low C = 11.6
| Aug low C = 11.5
| Sep low C = 9.7
| Oct low C = 6.7
| Nov low C = 3.8
| Dec low C = 1.6
| year low C = 6.1
| Jan record low C = -15.5
| Feb record low C = -11.7
| Mar record low C = -11.1
| Apr record low C = -6.1
| May record low C = -2.4
| Jun record low C = 1.1
| Jul record low C = 4.4
| Aug record low C = 2.2
| Sep record low C = -1.1
| Oct record low C = -3.7
| Nov record low C = -8.3
| Dec record low C = -11.5
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 64.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 53.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 48.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 40.8
| May precipitation mm = 47.6
| Jun precipitation mm = 66.2
| Jul precipitation mm = 72.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 71.6
| Sep precipitation mm = 54.9
| Oct precipitation mm = 75.7
| Nov precipitation mm = 65.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 67.4
| year precipitation mm = 727.7
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 12.4
| Feb precipitation days = 9.8
| Mar precipitation days = 9.8
| Apr precipitation days = 8.6
| May precipitation days = 9.6
| Jun precipitation days = 10.4
| Jul precipitation days = 11.5
| Aug precipitation days = 10.4
| Sep precipitation days = 9.9
| Oct precipitation days = 11.7
| Nov precipitation days = 11.7
| Dec precipitation days = 12.3
| year precipitation days = 128.3
| Jan sun = 55.2
| Feb sun = 82.2
| Mar sun = 117.3
| Apr sun = 157.3
| May sun = 194.7
| Jun sun = 161.8
| Jul sun = 169.9
| Aug sun = 160.0
| Sep sun = 130.1
| Oct sun = 99.4
| Nov sun = 72.1
| Dec sun = 49.2
| year sun = 1449.1
| Jan uv  =0
| Feb uv  =1
| Mar uv  =2
| Apr uv  =3
| May uv  =5
| Jun uv  =6
| Jul uv  =5
| Aug uv  =5
| Sep uv  =3
| Oct uv  =1
| Nov uv  =1
| Dec uv  =0
| source 1 = [[Met Office]],<ref name="Met Averages">{{cite web |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcvwqum6h |title=Edinburgh 1991–2020 averages |access-date=18 December 2021 |publisher=Met Office}}</ref> [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute|KNMI]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eca.knmi.nl//download/millennium/millennium.php |title=Indices Data |access-date=13 December 2018 |publisher=[[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]] |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709010608/https://eca.knmi.nl//download/millennium/millennium.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> and Weather Atlas<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/united-kingdom/edinburgh-climate |title=Edinburgh, United Kingdom – Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast |publisher=Yu Media Group |website=Weather Atlas |language=en |access-date=3 July 2019}}</ref>
}}
{{Weather box|location = Edinburgh (Gogarbank),{{efn|Weather station is located {{cvt|5.9|mi|1|abbr=out}} from the Edinburgh city centre.}} elevation: {{cvt|57|m|ft|0}}, 1991–2020 normals
| collapsed    = y
| metric first = y
| single line  = y
| Jan high C = 6.9
| Feb high C = 7.5
| Mar high C = 9.3
| Apr high C = 12.0
| May high C = 14.9
| Jun high C = 17.5
| Jul high C = 19.4
| Aug high C = 19.2
| Sep high C = 16.9
| Oct high C = 13.2
| Nov high C = 9.5
| Dec high C = 7.0
| year high C = 12.8
| Jan mean C = 4.2
| Feb mean C = 4.6
| Mar mean C = 6.0
| Apr mean C = 8.2
| May mean C = 10.8
| Jun mean C = 13.4
| Jul mean C = 15.2
| Aug mean C = 15.1
| Sep mean C = 13.1
| Oct mean C = 9.8
| Nov mean C = 6.6
| Dec mean C = 4.2
| year mean C = 9.3
| Jan low C = 1.5
| Feb low C = 1.6
| Mar low C = 2.7
| Apr low C = 4.3
| May low C = 6.7
| Jun low C = 9.4
| Jul low C = 11.0
| Aug low C = 11.0
| Sep low C = 9.4
| Oct low C = 6.5
| Nov low C = 3.6
| Dec low C = 1.4
| year low C = 5.8
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 73.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 61.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 52.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 45.9
| May precipitation mm = 50.2
| Jun precipitation mm = 68.8
| Jul precipitation mm = 71.9
| Aug precipitation mm = 74.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 55.2
| Oct precipitation mm = 82.7
| Nov precipitation mm = 73.7
| Dec precipitation mm = 74.9
| year precipitation mm = 784.3
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 13.3
| Feb precipitation days = 10.7
| Mar precipitation days = 10.3
| Apr precipitation days = 9.2
| May precipitation days = 10.8
| Jun precipitation days = 11.1
| Jul precipitation days = 11.4
| Aug precipitation days = 11.2
| Sep precipitation days = 10.5
| Oct precipitation days = 13.0
| Nov precipitation days = 12.9
| Dec precipitation days = 13.1
| year precipitation days = 137.4
| Jan sun = 47.4
| Feb sun = 77.5
| Mar sun = 111.0
| Apr sun = 147.7
| May sun = 189.5
| Jun sun = 159.4
| Jul sun = 160.9
| Aug sun = 145.7
| Sep sun = 125.5
| Oct sun = 94.1
| Nov sun = 66.9
| Dec sun = 37.8
| year sun = 1363.4
| source = [[Met Office]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcvw5vmsn |title=Edinburgh Gogerbank 1991–2020 averages |work=Station, District and regional averages 1991–2020 |publisher=Met Office | access-date=18 December 2021}}</ref>
| date     = December 2021}}
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