Editing Ecosystem (section)

=== Management ===
{{Main|Ecosystem management|Ecosystem-based management|Ecosystem approach}}

When [[natural resource management]] is applied to whole ecosystems, rather than single species, it is termed [[ecosystem management]].<ref name="Grumbine-1994">{{cite journal|last=Grumbine|first=R. Edward|year=1994|title=What is ecosystem management?|url=http://www.pelagicos.net/MARS6920_spring2010/readings/Grumbine_1994.pdf|journal=Conservation Biology|volume=8|issue=1|pages=27–38|doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010027.x|bibcode=1994ConBi...8...27G |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502051519/http://www.pelagicos.net/MARS6920_spring2010/readings/Grumbine_1994.pdf|archive-date=2013-05-02}}</ref> Although definitions of ecosystem management abound, there is a common set of principles which underlie these definitions: A fundamental principle is the long-term [[sustainability]] of the production of goods and services by the ecosystem;<ref name="Chapin-2011l">{{Cite book|last=Chapin|first=F. Stuart III|title=Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology|date=2011|publisher=Springer|others=P. A. Matson, Peter Morrison Vitousek, Melissa C. Chapin|isbn=978-1-4419-9504-9|edition=2nd|location=New York|chapter=Chapter 15: Managing and Sustaining Ecosystems|oclc=755081405}}</ref> "intergenerational sustainability [is] a precondition for management, not an afterthought".<ref name="Christensen-1996" /> While ecosystem management can be used as part of a plan for [[wilderness]] conservation, it can also be used in intensively managed ecosystems<ref name="Christensen-1996" /> (see, for example, [[agroecosystem]] and [[close to nature forestry]]).