Editing Dili (section)

===Transport===

====Land====
[[File:Dili-TL A3 District Map 110813-001.png|thumb|2013 road map of Dili Municipality, with the old city of Dili in the top-right inset]]
As of 2015, Dili Municipality had {{convert|1475|km|mi}} of roads, of which half were classified as National, District, or Urban.<ref name="MOF2015"/>{{rp|106}} The roads heading into and out of Dili to the East and West carry over 1,000 non-motorbike vehicles daily.<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|72}} In addition to the Eastern and Western national roads, a third national road extends south from the city.<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|73}} Within Dili, there is rising congestion.<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|72}} Poor road quality is the most common cause of accidents and delays.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–13}} Many roads are unpaved, and within the old quarter, streets are often one-way. The only four lane roads in the city are National Road A01 and Banana Road.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–1}} As of 2016, there were four [[roundabout]]s and 11 intersections with traffic lights.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–2}} Few routes travel along the east-west axis, and for most of the time since independence there was [[CPLP Bridge|only one vehicular crossing]] across the Comoro river.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–1}} This bridge was expanded from two lanes to four lanes in June 2013.<ref name="MPW2014"/>{{rp|1}} The two-lane [[Hinode Bridge]] was opened upriver in September 2018, connecting Banana road to National Road No 03.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jica.go.jp/easttimor/english/office/topics/press180913_en.html |title=Opening of the Comoro Bridge III |publisher=JICA |date=13 September 2018 |access-date=11 July 2021 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711152119/https://www.jica.go.jp/easttimor/english/office/topics/press180913_en.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It is expected that this bridge will also be expanded to four lanes in the future.<ref name="MPW2014"/>{{rp|iii}}

The usual form of public transportation within the city is the [[minibus]], which are operated by private companies that purchase route franchises from the government. Each vehicle usually has a capacity of ten people. There are no formal schedules and few official bus stops.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–4, 4–5}} Fares are cheap, at $0.25. Dili is also served by a fleet of air-conditioned blue taxis, whose drivers are expected to speak Tetum and English.<ref name="Asia2018"/>{{rp|16}}

Street names are in Portuguese, as are many official signs labelling locations. Tetum is used for more informational signage. English and Indonesian are rare in official signage, but are more common elsewhere. Chinese is used on some informal signage, while non-Tetum Timorese languages are not used.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Taylor-Leech |first1=Kerry Jane |title=Language choice as an index of identity: linguistic landscape in Dili, Timor-Leste |journal=International Journal of Multilingualism |date=14 June 2011 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=24–31 |doi=10.1080/14790718.2011.583654 |s2cid=145011382 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14790718.2011.583654 |access-date=15 July 2021 |archive-date=9 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209151348/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14790718.2011.583654 |url-status=live }}</ref> Even under Indonesian rule, during which the use of [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] was banned, Portuguese street names like ''Avenida Marechal Carmona'' remained unchanged, although they were prefixed with the [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] word ''Jalan'' or 'road'.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=m4C6AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Jalan+Avenida+Marechal+Carmona%22++ ''Indonesia: A Travel Survival Kit''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327140804/https://books.google.com/books?id=m4C6AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Jalan+Avenida+Marechal+Carmona%22++ |date=27 March 2023 }}, Joe Cummings, Lonely Planet, 1990, pages 657–658</ref>

====Sea====
[[File:ANL Timor Trader, Dili, 2018 (02).jpg|thumb|alt=Red and yellow cargo ship being unloaded by cranes|Cargo ship in the [[Port of Dili]] in 2018, before it was converted to a passenger port]]
The [[Port of Dili]] has a total berth length of {{convert|289.2|m|ft}}. Depths alongside the berth range from {{convert|5.5|m|ft}} to {{convert|7.5|m|ft}}.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|I-8}} This port was previously the only international cargo reception port in the country, but its capacity is insufficient to meet import needs.<ref name="Vitor2015"/>{{rp|107, 110}} The [[Tibar Bay Port]] was thus planned to handle all cargo shipping, leaving the current Dili port to become a dedicated ferry terminal.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–24}} Tibar Bay Port was expected to be built starting in 2015, and scheduled for opening in 2020.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–24}} On 3 June 2016 the government signed a [[Public-private partnership]] agreement with [[Bolloré]], giving the company a 30-year least on the new port. A construction tender was awarded to the [[China Harbour Engineering Company]] in December 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mof.gov.tl/press-release-tibar-bay-port-ppp-project/?lang=en |title=Press Release – Tibar Bay Port PPP Project |publisher=Ministry of Finance |date=15 December 2017 |access-date=11 July 2021 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711133451/https://www.mof.gov.tl/press-release-tibar-bay-port-ppp-project/?lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Construction began on 30 August 2019, with completion scheduled for August 2021. As of December 2020, construction was 42% complete, with delays including Chinese workers returning to China during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Timor-Leste|COVID-19 pandemic]]. The port was then expected to open in April 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gpm.gov.tl/en/portu-foun-tibar-sei-halao-operasaun-iha-abril-2022/ |title=New Tibar port starts operation in April 2022 |publisher=Prime Minister Office |date=2 February 2021 |access-date=11 July 2021 |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119012446/https://www.gpm.gov.tl/en/portu-foun-tibar-sei-halao-operasaun-iha-abril-2022/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The port received its first ships on 30 September that year,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollore-transport-logistics.com/medias/communiques-de-presse/timor-port-lance-les-activites-du-premier-port-en-eaux-profondes-de-tibar-bay |title=Timor Port lance les activités du premier port en eaux profondes de Tibar Bay |publisher=Bolloré Transport & Logistics |language=French |date=3 October 2022 |access-date=23 March 2023 |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323061805/https://www.bollore-transport-logistics.com/medias/communiques-de-presse/timor-port-lance-les-activites-du-premier-port-en-eaux-profondes-de-tibar-bay |url-status=live }}</ref> and was officially inaugurated on 30 November 2022.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ajot.com/news/timor-leste-inaugurated-the-new-deepwater-port-of-tibar-bay-a-new-maritime-gateway-to-the-asia-pacific-region |title=Timor Leste inaugurated the new deepwater Port of Tibar Bay, a new maritime gateway to the Asia-Pacific Region |work=American Journal of Transportation |date=1 December 2022 |access-date=23 March 2023 |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323061814/https://www.ajot.com/news/timor-leste-inaugurated-the-new-deepwater-port-of-tibar-bay-a-new-maritime-gateway-to-the-asia-pacific-region |url-status=live }}</ref>

A [[dry port]] has been created {{convert|8|km|mi}} from the main Port of Dili, and there is a naval port in Hera.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|I-9}} Cargo operations in Dili Port halted from 1 October 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=31233&lang=en&n=1 |title=Tibar Bay Port construction reaches 92% and enters into operation on September 30th |publisher=Government of Timor-Leste |date=21 September 2022 |access-date=23 March 2023 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015182756/http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=31233&lang=en&n=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> A twice-weekly ferry service operates between Dili and [[Oecusse]], and a ferry travels between Dili and [[Atauro]] once a week.<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|95}}<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–17}} The Dili Port serves as the main link for these locations with the rest of the country.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|I-3}} These ferries deposit people and vehicles onto a [[slipway]], rather than a dedicated [[Berth (moorings)|berthing]].<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–15}}

====Air====
[[File:Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport terminal, 2018 (02).jpg|thumb|[[Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport|Dili International Airport]]]]
The [[Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport]], named after independence leader [[Nicolau Lobato]],<ref>[http://visiteasttimor.com/good-to-know/arriving-at-airport Arriving at Dili´s Airport] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162321/http://visiteasttimor.com/good-to-know/arriving-at-airport/ |date=12 June 2018 }}, VisitEastTimor.</ref> is located in the city.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–36}} It serves regular flights to [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]] (Australia), [[Denpasar]] (Indonesia), and [[Singapore]].<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|99}} In 2014, it served 198,080 passengers and 172 tons of cargo. It has one runway, which is {{convert|1850|m|ft}} long and {{convert|30|m|ft}} wide, lying {{convert|8|m|ft}} above mean [[sea level]]. A lack of runway lighting prevents night-time landings, so the airport operates from 6&nbsp;am to 6&nbsp;pm. The passenger terminals were originally domestic terminals during the Indonesian period, leaving them ill-designed to handle international customs and immigration.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–26, 4–27, 4–29, 4–36}} Due to the size of the runway, only medium-sized planes such as the A319 and the B737 can be accommodated, and there is limited space for aircraft parking. The runway is constrained by the sea and the Comoro river, although there are plans to extend the runway through [[land reclamation]] and/or by bridging the river.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–32, 4–33, 4–35}} A new international terminal is also planned.<ref name="Vitor2015"/>{{rp|107}} Despite this, it is thought the airport may be able to handle capacity requirement until 2030.<ref name="Asia2018"/>{{rp|13}}

This is the only functioning international airport in Timor-Leste, though there are airstrips in Baucau, Suai and Oecusse used for domestic flights. Until recently, Dili's airport runway has been unable to accommodate aircraft larger than the [[Boeing 737]] or [[C-130 Hercules]], but in January 2008, the Portuguese charter airline [[EuroAtlantic Airways]] operated a direct flight from [[Lisbon]] using a [[Boeing 757]], carrying 140 members of the [[Portuguese National Republican Guard|Guarda Nacional Republicana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euroatlantic.pt/html/en_29_01_2008.pdf |title=euroAtlantic, the first Portuguese commercial company lands at Díli Airport transporting GNR (Portuguese militarised police force) military staff to Timor |website=www.euroatlantic.pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627103021/http://www.euroatlantic.pt/html/en_29_01_2008.pdf |archive-date=27 June 2008}}</ref>