Editing Demographics of Spain (section)

== Immigration ==
{{main|Immigration to Spain}}
In terms of emigration vs. immigration, after decades of net emigration after the [[Spanish Civil War]], Spain has experienced massive large-scale immigration for the first time in modern history over the past 30 years. As of 2024, there were 8,915,831 foreign-born people in Spain, making up to 18.31% of the Spanish population<ref>{{Cite web |trans-title=Population (Spaniards/foreigners) by Country of Birth, sex and year|title=Población (españoles/extranjeros) por País de Nacimiento, sexo y año |url=https://www.ine.es/dyngs/Prensa/ECP1T24.htm |lang=es|trans-work=National Institute of Statistics|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> Of these, 6,581,028 (13.51%) didn't have Spanish citizenship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Estadística del Padrón Continuo |url=https://www.ine.es/dyngs/Prensa/ECP1T24.htm |website=ine.es |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] |access-date=20 June 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |year=2017 |title=Sube el número de inmigrantes que viven en España |language=es |work=Datosmacro |url=https://datosmacro.expansion.com/demografia/migracion/inmigracion/espana |access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref> This makes Spain one of the world's [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population|preferred destinations to immigrate to]], being the 4th country in Europe by immigration numbers and the 10th worldwide. Of these, more than 860,000 were [[Romanians|Romanian]], and 760,000 were [[Morocco|Moroccan]] while the number of [[Ecuadorian]]s was around 390,000. [[Colombian people|Colombian]] population amounted to around 300,000. There are also a significant number of British (359,076 as of 2011, but more than one million are estimated to live permanently in Spain) and German (195,842) citizens, mainly in [[Alicante (province)|Alicante]], [[Málaga (province)|Málaga]] provinces, [[Balearic Islands]] and [[Canary Islands]]. The largest Asian immigrant group, the [[Chinese in Spain|Chinese]], number slightly over 166,000. 

===Spain migration data, 2008-present===

{{Table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable col1left col2right col3right col4right"
|-
! Period !! Immigration  !! Emigration  !! Net Migration 
|-
| 2008S1 || 329,772 || 134,650 || 195,121
|-
| 2008S2 || 269,302 || 153,782 || 115,520
|-
| 2009S1 || 205,091 || 184,140 || 20,951
|-
| 2009S2 || 187,872 || 195,978 || -8,106
|-
| 2010S1 || 173,714 || 197,032 || -23,318
|-
| 2010S2 || 186,990 || 206,347 || -19,357
|-
| 2011S1 || 176,808 || 200,634 || -23,826
|-
| 2011S2 || 194,527 || 208,400 || -13,873
|-
| 2012S1 || 153,205 || 212,457 || -59,253
|-
| 2012S2 || 150,849 || 234,148 || -83,299
|-
| 2013S1 || 127,796 || 269,691 || -141,895
|-
| 2013S2 || 152,976 || 262,612 || -109,636
|-
| 2014S1 || 138,274 || 199,552 || -61,278
|-
| 2014S2 || 167,180 || 200,877 || -33,698
|-
| 2015S1 || 154,659 || 173,062 || -18,404
|-
| 2015S2 || 187,455 || 170,812 || 16,643
|-
| 2016S1 || 186,918 || 166,819 || 20,098
|-
| 2016S2 || 227,829 || 160,505 || 67,323
|-
| 2017S1 || 234,070 || 197,140 || 36,930
|-
| 2017S2 || 298,062 || 171,720 || 126,342
|-
| 2018S1 || 286,230 || 169,124 || 117,106
|-
| 2018S2 || 357,454 || 140,402 || 217,052
|-
| 2019S1 || 349,941 || 137,367 || 212,574
|-
| 2019S2 || 400,539 || 158,881 || 241,658
|-
| 2020S1 || 248,029 || 130,413 || 117,616
|-
| 2020S2 || 219,889 || 118,148 || 101,741
|-
| 2021S1 || 201,329 || 197,376 || 3,953
|-
| 2021S2 || 327,527 || 183,410 || 144,117
|-
| 2022S1 || 478,990 || 220,443 || 258,547
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Migration Data of Spain (2021–present) <ref>https://www.ine.es/dyngs/Prensa/en/EMCR2023.htm</ref>
! Year !! Total Immigration !! Spanish Immigration !! Total Emigration !! Spanish Emigration !! Spanish Net Migration !! Total Net Migration
|-
| 2021 || 887,960 || 135,651 || 696,866 || 155,533 || -19,882 || 191,094
|-
| 2022 || 1,258,894 || 138,420 || 531,889 || 141,124 || -2,704 || 727,005
|-
| 2023 || 1,250,991 || 152,963 || 608,695 || 126,901 || 26,062 || 642,296
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Population by country of birth as of 2023:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Población (españoles/extranjeros) por País de Nacimiento, sexo y año |url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Datos.htm?path=/t20/e245/p08/l0/&file=01006.px#!tabs-tabla |access-date=28 April 2021 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto NAcional de Estadística]]}}</ref>
!Country
!Population
|-
| {{Flag|Spain}} || align="right" | 39,881,155
|-
|-
| {{Flag|Morocco}} || align="right" | 1,026,371
|-
| {{Flag|Colombia}} || align="right" | 715,655
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag|Romania}} || align="right" | 538,699
|-
| {{Flag|Venezuela}} || align="right" | 518,918
|-
| {{Flag|Ecuador}} || align="right" | 430,837
|-
| {{Flag|Argentina}} || align="right" | 373,064
|-
| {{Flag|Peru}} || align="right" | 322,407
|-
| {{Flag|United Kingdom}} || align="right" | 293,696
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag|France}} || align="right" | 215,283
|-
| {{Flag|Cuba}} || align="right" | 198,639
|-
| {{Flag|Ukraine}} || align="right" | 197,192
|-
| {{Flag|Dominican Republic}} || align="right" | 193,653
|-
| {{Flag|China}} || align="right" | 192,346
|-
| {{Flag|Bolivia}} || align="right" | 183,734
|-
| {{Flag|Honduras}} || align="right" | 177,616
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag|Germany}} || align="right" | 176,496
|-
| {{Flag|Brazil}} || align="right" | 167,265
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag|Italy}} || align="right" | 154,749
|-
| {{Flag|Paraguay}} || align="right" | 127,767
|-
| {{Flag|Russia}} || align="right" | 118,801
|-
| {{Flag|Pakistan}} || align="right" | 114,693
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag|Bulgaria}} || align="right" | 106,680
|-
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag|Portugal}} || align="right" | 95,171
|-
| {{Flag|Senegal}} || align="right" | 91,568
|-
| {{Flag|Uruguay}} || align="right" | 86,620
|-
| {{Flag|Nicaragua}} || align="right" | 80,013
|-
| {{Flag|Algeria}} || align="right" | 79,026
|-
| {{Flag|Mexico}} || align="right" | 72,669
|-
| {{Flag|Chile}} || align="right" | 70,307
|-
| {{Flag|USA}} || align="right" | 64,227
|-
| {{Flag|India}} || align="right" | 60,679
|-
| {{Flag|Switzerland}} || align="right" | 59,406
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Netherlands}} || align="right" | 55,312
|-
| {{Flag|Philippines}} || align="right" | 54,807
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Belgium}} || align="right" | 53,460
|-
| {{flagicon|EU}}{{Flag|Poland}} || align="right" | 52,289
|-
| {{Flag|El Salvador}} || align="right" | 34,392
|-
| {{Flag|Nigeria}} || align="right" | 33,390
|-
| {{Flag|Mali}} || align="right" | 32,676
|-
| {{Flag|Gambia}} || align="right" | 27,574
|-
| {{Flag|Moldova}} || align="right" | 24,134
|}

=== Foreign population ===
[[File:Percentage of people of foreign origin over two generations under the age of 15 in Spain.svg|thumb|Percentage of people of foreign origin over two generations under the age of 15 in Spain]]
As of 2024, Spain had a foreign population of 6,581,028.<ref name=ineextranjeros>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/dyngs/Prensa/ECP1T24.htm|publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]|access-date=20 June 2024|title=Población extranjera por Nacionalidad, comunidades, Sexo y Año.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Población extranjera por Nacionalidad, comunidades, Sexo y Año. |url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Datos.htm?path=/t20/e245/p08/l0/&file=02005.px |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=INE |language=es-ES}}</ref> The largest groups of foreigners were those of Moroccan, Romanian, British, Chinese and Italian citizenship.<ref name=ineextranjeros />
Meanwhile in 2024, Spain had a foreign-born population of 8,915,831, being those born in the Americas the largest group, and Europe being the second most common continent of origin after South America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=00000006.px&L=0|publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]|access-date=5 April 2019|title=Población (españoles/extranjeros) por país de nacimiento y sexo.}}</ref>

{{Table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable col1left col2right col3right"
!Foreign Population by Nationality<ref>{{Cite web |title=Población extranjera por Nacionalidad, comunidades, Sexo y Año. |url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Datos.htm?path=/t20/e245/p08/l0/&file=02005.px |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=INE |language=es-ES}}</ref>
!Number
!%
|-
|2022
|
|
|-
|'''TOTAL FOREIGNERS'''
|'''5,542,932'''
|
|-
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|-
|EUROPE
|2,205,961
|
|-
|EUROPEAN UNION
|1,617,911
|
|-
|OTHER EUROPE
|588,050
|
|-
|AFRICA
|1,217,706
|
|-
|SOUTH AMERICA
|1,173,900
|
|-
|CENTRAL AMERICA 
|368,461
|
|-
|NORTH AMERICA
|76,628
|
|-
|ASIA
|493,065
|
|-
|OCEANIA
|3,580
|
|-
|Instituto Nacional de Estadística
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Country of birth in Spain
! rowspan="3" |Resident Population groups
! colspan="24" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |2002<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|title=Resident population by date, sex, nationality (groups of countries) and place of birth (groups of countries)(9691)|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=9691&L=1|access-date=2022-01-05|website=INE|language=en|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105201011/https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=9691&L=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2004<ref name=":24"/>
! colspan="2" |2006<ref name=":24"/>
! colspan="2" |2008<ref name=":24"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Población residente por fecha, sexo, nacionalidad (agrupación de países) y lugar de nacimiento (agrupación de países)(9691) |url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=9691 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=INE |language=es-ES |archive-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025102106/https://ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=9691 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2010<ref name=":24"/>
! colspan="2" |2012<ref name=":24"/>
! colspan="2" |2014<ref name=":24"/>
! colspan="2" |2016<ref name=":24"/>
! colspan="2" |2018<ref name=":24"/>
! colspan="2" |2020<ref name=":24"/>
! colspan="2" |2022<ref name=":24"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Población residente por fecha, sexo, nacionalidad (agrupación de países) y lugar de nacimiento (agrupación de países)(9691) |url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=9691 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=INE |language=es-ES |archive-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025102106/https://ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=9691 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2025    
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
![[File:Bandera_de_España.svg|20x20px]] Spaniards
!39,297,299
!95.76%
!38,999,785
!91.66%
!39,371,997
!89.46%
!39,790,019
!87.12%
!40,206,557
!86.49%
!40,523,263
!86.55%
!40,553,891
!87.18%
!40,521,758
!87.25%
!40,459,614
!86.74%
!40,335,789
!85.22%
!40,018,611
!84.27%
!39,698,012
!80.89%
|-
!Foreigners
!1,737,972
!4.24%
!3,547,669
!8.34%
!4,637,972
!10.54%
!5,878,919
!12.88%
!6,280,064
!13.51%
!6,294,953
!13.45%
!5,958,308
!12.82%
!5,918,341
!12.75%
!6,198,833
!13.26%
!6,996,825
!14.78%
!7,468,116
!15.73%
!9,379,972
!19.11%
|-
!Total
!41,035,271
!100%
!42,547,454
!100%
!44,009,969
!100%
!45,668,938
!100%
!46,486,621
!100%
!46,818,216
!100%
!46,512,199
!100%
!46,440,099
!100%
!46,658,447
!100%
!47,332,614
!100%
!47,486,727
!100%
!49,153,849
!100%
|}
[[File:Proportion of Spanish people in Spain in 2021 (by country of birth).png|left|thumb|310x310px|Proportion of people in Spain who were born in Spain]]

{{bar chart
| title       = Evolution of immigrated population every two years
| bar_width   = 35
| label_type  = Year
| label1  = 2002
| label2  = 2004
| label3  = 2006
| label4  = 2008
| label5  = 2010
| label6  = 2012
| label7  = 2014
| label8  = 2016
| label9  = 2018
| label10 = 2020
| label11 = 2022
| data_type  = Total
| data1  = 1,737,972
| data2  = 3,547,669
| data3  = 4,637,972
| data4  = 5,878,919
| data5  = 6,280,064
| data6  = 6,294,953
| data7  = 5,958,308
| data8  = 5,918,341
| data9  = 6,198,833
| data10 = 6,996,825
| data11 = 7,365,311
| data_max  = 8,000,000
| col2_data_type = Percentage
| col2_data_max  = 20
| col2_data1  = 4.24
| col2_data2  = 8.34
| col2_data3  = 10.54
| col2_data4  = 12.88
| col2_data5  = 13.51
| col2_data6  = 13.45
| col2_data7  = 12.82
| col2_data8  = 12.75
| col2_data9  = 13.26
| col2_data10  = 14.78
| col2_data11  = 15.53
}}