Editing Demographics of Iran (section)

===Recent immigration===
{{anchor|Immigration}}
Most of the large [[Circassians|Circassian]] migrational waves towards mainland Iran stem from the Safavid and Qajar era; however, a certain amount also stem from the relatively recent arrivals that migrated as the Circassians [[Ethnic cleansing of Circassians|were displaced from the Caucasus]] in the 19th century. A [[Afro-Iranian|Black African]] population exists due to [[Slavery in Iran|historical slavery]].
A substantial number of [[Russians in Iran|Russians]] arrived in the early 20th century as refugees from the [[Russian Revolution]], but their number has dwindled following the [[Iran crisis of 1946]] and the [[Iranian revolution]].
In the 20th to 21st centuries, there has been limited immigration to Iran from Turkey, [[Iraqis in Iran|Iraq]] (especially huge numbers during the 1970s known as [[Moaved]]s), [[Afghans in Iran|Afghanistan]] (mostly arriving as refugees in 1978), [[Lebanese people in Iran|Lebanon]] (especially in [[Qom province|Qom]], though a Lebanese community has been present in the nation for centuries),
[[Indians in Iran|India]] (mostly arriving temporarily during the 1950s to 1970s, typically working as doctors, engineers, and teachers), [[Koreans in Iran|Korea]] (mostly in the 1970s as labour migrants), [[Chinese people in Iran|China]] (mostly since the 2000s working in engineering or business projects), and [[Pakistanis in Iran|Pakistan]], partly due to labour migrants and partly to [[Baloch people|Balochi]] ties across the Iranian-Pakistani border.
About 200,000 [[Iraqis in Iran|Iraqis]] arrived as refugees in 2003,{{Citation needed|date=November 2016}} mostly living in refugee camps near the border; an unknown number of these has since returned to Iraq.

Over the same period, there has also been substantial emigration from Iran, especially since the [[Iranian revolution]] (see [[Iranian diaspora]], [[Human capital flight from Iran]], [[Jewish exodus from Iran]]), especially
to the [[Iranian American|United States]], [[Iranian Canadian|Canada]], [[Iranians in Germany|Germany]], [[Iranian Jews in Israel|Israel]], and [[Swedish Iranians|Sweden]].

====Refugee population====
{{See also|Foreign relations of Iran}}
Iran hosts one of the largest [[refugee]] population in the world, with more than one million refugees, mostly from [[Afghan refugees|Afghanistan]] (80%) and [[Iraq]] (10%). Since 2006, Iranian officials have been working with the [[UNHCR]] and Afghan officials for their [[repatriation]].<ref name="bbcb">{{cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/452b78394.html |title=Tripartite meeting on returns to Afghanistan |publisher=[[United Nations High Commission for Refugees]] |access-date=14 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003213837/http://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/452b78394.html |archive-date=3 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424#top |title=Migration Information Source – Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=4 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424#top |archive-date=15 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Between 1979 and 1997, UNHCR spent more than US$1&nbsp;billion on Afghan refugees in Pakistan but only $150&nbsp;million on those in Iran. In 1999, the [[Iranian government]] estimated the cost of maintaining its refugee population at US$10&nbsp;million per day, compared with the US$18&nbsp;million UNHCR allocated for all of its operations in Iran in 1999.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> As of 2016, some 300,000 [[work permit]]s have been issued for foreign nationals in Iran.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-domestic-economy/56277/300k-foreigners-have-work-permits|title=300K Foreigners Have Work Permits|date=26 December 2016|access-date=4 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105083313/https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-domestic-economy/56277/300k-foreigners-have-work-permits|archive-date=5 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>