Editing Colombia (section)

=== Science and technology ===
{{Main|Science and technology in Colombia}}
[[File:CEMSA 271215 01.JPG|thumb|left|[[Colciencias]] is a Colombian Government agency that supports fundamental and applied research.]]

Colombia has more than 3,950 research groups in science and technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colciencias.gov.co/sites/default/files/ckeditor_files/informes-anal-2014.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.colciencias.gov.co/sites/default/files/ckeditor_files/informes-anal-2014.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|title=research groups in science and technology|language=es |publisher=colciencias.gov.co |access-date=9 May 2016}}</ref> iNNpulsa, a government body that promotes entrepreneurship and innovation in the country, provides grants to startups, in addition to other services it and institutions provide. Colombia was ranked 61st in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Innovation Index 2024 : Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/ |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=www.wipo.int |language=en |archive-date=12 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212043914/https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Co-working spaces have arisen to serve as communities for startups large and small.<ref name="venturebeat.com">{{cite web |url=https://venturebeat.com/2013/09/29/the-silicon-valleys-of-latin-america-a-tale-of-3-nations/ |publisher=venturebeat.com |title=entrepreneurship and innovation in Colombia |date=29 September 2013 |access-date=1 October 2013 |archive-date=1 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001122006/http://venturebeat.com/2013/09/29/the-silicon-valleys-of-latin-america-a-tale-of-3-nations/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://apps.co/|title=Colombia Startups|publisher=apps.co|language=es|access-date=14 February 2014|archive-date=9 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209081806/https://apps.co/|url-status=live}}</ref> Organizations such as the Corporation for Biological Research (CIB) for the support of young people interested in scientific work has been successfully developed in Colombia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cib.org.co/quienes-somos/|title=Corporation for Biological Research (CIB)|publisher=cib.org.co|language=es|access-date=28 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413214207/http://cib.org.co/quienes-somos/|archive-date=13 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[International Center for Tropical Agriculture]] based in Colombia investigates the increasing challenge of [[global warming]] and [[food security]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ciat.cgiar.org/|title=International Center for Tropical Agriculture|access-date=1 October 2013|archive-date=9 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609150224/http://ciat.cgiar.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Important inventions related to medicine have been made in Colombia, such as the first [[Artificial cardiac pacemaker|external artificial pacemaker with internal electrodes]], invented by the electrical engineer [[Jorge Reynolds Pombo]], an invention of great importance for those who suffer from heart failure. Also invented in Colombia were the [[microkeratome]] and keratomileusis technique, which form the fundamental basis of what now is known as [[LASIK]] (one of the most important techniques for the correction of [[refractive error]]s of vision) and the [[Salomón Hakim#The Invention of the valve|Hakim valve]] for the treatment of [[hydrocephalus]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://listas.20minutos.es/lista/mejores-inventos-colombianos-320000/|title=Inventos colombianos|publisher=20minutos.es|language=es|access-date=1 October 2013|archive-date=4 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213902/http://listas.20minutos.es/lista/mejores-inventos-colombianos-320000/|url-status=live}}</ref> Colombia has begun to innovate in military technology for its army and other armies of the world; especially in the design and creation of personal ballistic protection products, military hardware, [[military robot]]s, [[bomb]]s, simulators and radar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dialogo-americas.com/en/articles/colombian-military-industry-markets-weapons-and-technology-international-stage|title=Colombian military industry markets weapons and technology on international stage|publisher=dialogo-americas.com|access-date=16 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417045356/https://dialogo-americas.com/en/articles/colombian-military-industry-markets-weapons-and-technology-international-stage|archive-date=17 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://historico.unperiodico.unal.edu.co/ediciones/103/08.html|title=Robots antiexplosivos|publisher=historico.unperiodico.unal.edu.co|access-date=9 May 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509183603/http://historico.unperiodico.unal.edu.co/ediciones/103/08.html|archive-date=9 May 2016}}</ref>

Some leading Colombian scientists are Joseph M. Tohme, researcher recognized for his work on the [[genetic diversity]] of food, [[Manuel Elkin Patarroyo]] who is known for his groundbreaking work on [[synthetic vaccine]]s for [[malaria]], [[Francisco Lopera]] who discovered the "Paisa Mutation" or a type of [[Early-onset Alzheimer's disease|early-onset Alzheimer's]],<ref name="Francisco Lopera">{{cite web|url=http://www.udea.edu.co/portal/page/portal/bActualidad/Principal_UdeA/News/Tab/AEF4F8549743CF0AE04018C8341F754F|publisher=udea.edu.co|title=Beyond Alzheimer's: the "Paisa Mutation"|access-date=1 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005012618/http://www.udea.edu.co/portal/page/portal/bActualidad/Principal_UdeA/News/Tab/AEF4F8549743CF0AE04018C8341F754F|archive-date=5 October 2013}}</ref> [[Rodolfo Llinás]] known for his study of the intrinsic [[neuron]]s properties and the theory of a syndrome that had changed the way of understanding the functioning of the brain, Jairo Quiroga Puello recognized for his studies on the characterization of [[synthetic substance]]s which can be used to fight fungus, [[tumor]]s, [[tuberculosis]] and even some viruses and Ángela Restrepo who established accurate [[Medical diagnosis|diagnoses]] and treatments to combat the effects of a disease caused by ''[[Paracoccidioides brasiliensis]]''.<ref name="Científicos colombianos">{{cite web|url=http://cienciagora.com.co/galeria_de_cientificos.html|title=Científicos colombianos|publisher=cienciagora.com.co|access-date=28 October 2013|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200254/http://cienciagora.com.co/galeria_de_cientificos.html|archive-date=29 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="brillantes colombianos">{{cite web|url=http://portal.redcolombiana.com/foros/estos-son-los-8-cientificos-del-pais-mas-consultad|title=científicos del país más consultados|publisher=portal.redcolombiana.com|access-date=28 October 2013|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201546/http://portal.redcolombiana.com/foros/estos-son-los-8-cientificos-del-pais-mas-consultad|archive-date=29 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="Científicos destacados">{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-6672909|title=Estos son los científicos colombianos más destacados en el último lustro|date=25 November 2009|publisher=eltiempo.com|access-date=28 October 2013|language=es|archive-date=17 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317120558/http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-6672909|url-status=live}}</ref>