Editing Coin (section)

=== Middle Ages ===
{{further|Byzantine mints|Visigothic coinage|Coinage in Anglo-Saxon England|Medieval Bulgarian coinage|Gold dinar|Coinage of the Republic of Venice|Portuguese dinheiro|Sceat|Pfennig}}
{{further|History of the English penny (c. 600 – 1066)|Japanese mon (currency)|Reichsmünzordnung}}
[[Image:Fiorino 1347.jpg|left|thumb|[[Florin (Italian coin)|Florentine florin]], 1347]]

[[Charlemagne]], in 800 AD, implemented a series of reforms upon becoming "[[Holy Roman Emperor]]", including the issuance of a standard coin, the silver penny. Between 794 and 1200 the penny was the only denomination of coin in Western Europe. Minted without oversight by bishops, cities, feudal lords and [[fiefdom]]s, by 1160, coins in Venice contained only 0.05g of silver, while England's coins were minted at 1.3g. Large coins were introduced in the mid-13th century. In England, a dozen pennies was called a "shilling" and twenty shillings a "pound":<ref name=pup2001>{{cite book |last1=Sargent |first1=Thomas |last2=Velde |first2=Francois |title=The Princeton Economic History of the Western World: The Big Problem of Small Change |publisher=Princeton University Press |date=2001 |page=45}}</ref> consistent with e.g. France.

[[Debasement]] of coin was widespread. There were periods of significant debasement in 1340–60 and 1417–29, when no small coins were minted, and by the 15th century the issuance of small coin was further restricted by government restrictions and even prohibitions. With the exception of the [[Great Debasement]], England's coins were consistently minted from sterling silver (silver content of 92.5%). A lower quality of silver with more copper mixed in, used in Barcelona, was called [[billon (alloy)|billon]].<ref name=pup2001/> The first European coin to use [[Arabic numerals]] to date the year in which the coin was minted was the [[Imperial Abbey of St Gall|St. Gall]] silver ''Plappart'' of 1424.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.medievalcoinage.com/earlydated| title = Early Dated Coins, Accessed December 2009.}}</ref>

[[History of coins in Italy|Italy has been influential at a coinage point of view]]: the [[Florin (Italian coin)|Florentine florin]], one of the most used coinage types in European history and one of the most important coins in Western history,<ref name="ilgiornale">{{cite web|url=http://www.ilgiornaledellanumismatica.it/dossier-speciale-il-fiorino-di-firenze-breve-storia-del-dollaro-del-medioevo/|title=IL FIORINO DI FIRENZE, STORIA DEL "DOLLARO DEL MEDIOEVO"|date=19 January 2017 |access-date=4 October 2023|language=it}}</ref> was struck in [[Florence]] in the [[13th century]], while the [[Sequin (coin)|Venetian sequin]], minted from 1284 to 1797, was the most prestigious gold coin in circulation in the commercial centers of the [[Mediterranean Sea]].<ref name="Papadopoli">{{Cite book|author=Nicolò Papadopoli Aldobrandini|title=Le monete di Venezia descritte ed illustrate da Nicolò Papadopoli Aldobrandini|year=2009|publisher="Progetto Gutenberg Piero Vianelli|page=136|language=it}}</ref> The Florentine florin was the first [[Europe]]an gold coin struck in sufficient quantities since the 7th century to play a significant commercial role. The Florentine florin was used for larger transactions such as those used in dowries, international trade or for tax-related matters.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hollingsworth |first=Mary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJmUDQAAQBAJ |title=The Medici |publisher=Head of Zeus |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-78669-151-4 |language=en |chapter=A Note to the Reader}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Cunincpert tremissis 612190 reverse.jpg|[[Kingdom of the Lombards|Lombardic]] [[Tremissis]] depicting Saint Michael, AD 688–700
File:BorandukhtCoinHistoryofIran.jpg|Silver coin of [[Queen Borandukht|Borandukht]] of Persian [[Sassanian Empire]], AD 629
File:Silver Dirham.png|[[Gold Dinar#The First Silver Dirham|Silver Dirham]] of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]], AD 729; minted by using Persian Sassanian framework
File:Al-Mu'tamid-coin.jpg|[[Abbasid]] coin, c. 1080s
File:Almoravid dinar 1138 631905.jpg|[[Almoravid]] coin, 1138–1139
File:Zecchino Antonio Venier 1382.jpg|[[Sequin (coin)|Venetian sequin]], 1382
</gallery>