Editing Civil disobedience (section)

== Actions that are outside of civil disobedience ==
Michael Bayles argues that if a person violates a law to create a test case as to the [[constitutionality]] of a law, and then wins his case, then that act did not constitute civil disobedience.<ref>{{citation|title=The Justifiability of Civil Disobedience|author=Michael Bayles|publisher=The Review of Metaphysics|volume=24|issue=1|date=Sep 1970|pages=3–20}}</ref> 

Breaking the law for self-gratification, as in the case of a [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] user who does not direct his act at securing the repeal of amendment of the law, is not civil disobedience.<ref>{{citation|title=Justifying Political Disobedience|author=Leslie J. Macfarlane|publisher=Ethics|volume=79|issue=1|date=Oct 1968|pages=24–55}}</ref> Likewise, a protester who attempts to escape punishment by committing the crime covertly and avoiding attribution, or by denying having committed the crime, or by fleeing the jurisdiction, is generally not called a civil disobedient.