Editing Citizen Kane (section)

==Sources==
{{Main|Sources for Citizen Kane}}

{{multiple image
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| image1    = WilliamRandolphHearst.jpg
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| caption1  = Although various sources were used as a model for Kane, [[William Randolph Hearst]] was the primary inspiration.
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| image2    = Marion Davies - Emerald Green.jpg
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| caption2  = Hearst was disturbed by the film's supposed depiction of [[Marion Davies]], but Welles always denied that Susan Alexander Kane was based on Davies.
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Welles never confirmed a principal source for the character of [[Charles Foster Kane]]. Houseman wrote that Kane is a [[Composite character|synthesis]] of different personalities, with Hearst's life used as the main source. Some events and details were invented,<ref name="Houseman RT">{{cite book |last=Houseman |first=John |author-link=John Houseman |title=Run-Through: A Memoir |url=https://archive.org/details/runthroughmemoir00hous |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |location=New York |date=1972 |isbn=0-671-21034-3}}</ref>{{Rp|444}} and Houseman wrote that he and Mankiewicz also "grafted anecdotes from other giants of journalism, including [[Joseph Pulitzer|Pulitzer]], [[Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe|Northcliffe]] and Mank's first boss, [[Herbert Bayard Swope]]".<ref name="Houseman RT"/>{{Rp|444}} Welles said, "Mr. Hearst was quite a bit like Kane, although Kane isn't really founded on Hearst in particular. Many people sat for it, so to speak".<ref name="Estrin">{{cite book |editor-last=Estrin |editor-first=Mark W. |title=Orson Welles: Interviews |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |location=Jackson, Mississippi |date=2002 |isbn=978-1-57806-209-6}}</ref>{{Rp|78}} He specifically acknowledged that aspects of Kane were drawn from the lives of two business tycoons familiar from his youth in Chicago—[[Samuel Insull]] and [[Harold Fowler McCormick]].{{efn|Welles states, "There's all that stuff about McCormick and the opera. I drew a lot from that from my Chicago days. And Samuel Insull." A known supporter of President Roosevelt, the fact that both McCormick and Hearst were opposed to FDR's successful attempts to control radio and moderate control of print may have been an incentive for Welles to use his film as a smear against both men.<ref name="Welles TIOW"/>{{Rp|49}}}}<ref name="Welles TIOW"/>{{Rp|49}}

The character of Jedediah Leland was based on drama critic [[Ashton Stevens]], [[George Stevens]]'s uncle and Welles's close boyhood friend.<ref name="Welles TIOW"/>{{Rp|66}} Some detail came from Mankiewicz's own experience as a drama critic in New York.<ref name=Meryman/>{{Rp|77–78}}

Many assumed that the character of Susan Alexander Kane was based on Marion Davies, Hearst's mistress whose career he managed. This assumption was a major reason Hearst tried to destroy ''Citizen Kane''.<ref name="PBS">{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/kane2/kane2ts.html |last1=Epstein |first1=Michael |last2=Lennon |first2=Thomas |title=The Battle Over Citizen Kane |publisher=[[PBS]] |date=1996 |access-date=January 14, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216132713/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/kane2/kane2ts.html |archive-date=December 16, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|Charlie Lederer insisted that Hearst and Davies never saw ''Citizen Kane'' and condemned it based on the outrage of trusted friends, wrote his stepdaughter (and Welles's daughter) Chris Welles Feder. "In Charlie's view, Hearst was more distressed by the movie's insinuation&nbsp;... that Marion was a failed and pathetic alcoholic that he was by any unflattering references to himself."<ref name="Feder">{{cite book |last=Feder |first=Chris Welles |date=2009 |title=In My Father's Shadow: A Daughter Remembers Orson Welles |location=Chapel Hill, North Carolina |publisher=Algonquin Books |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781565125995/page/44 44] |isbn=978-1-56512-599-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781565125995/page/44}}</ref>}} Welles denied that the character was based on Davies,<ref name="Davies, Marion 1975">{{cite book |last=Davies |first=Marion |author-link=Marion Davies |editor1-last=Pfau |editor1-first=Pamela |editor2-last=Marx |editor2-first=Kenneth S. |title=The Times We Had: Life with William Randolph Hearst. ''Foreword by Orson Welles (two pages preceding unpaginated chapter index)'' |url=https://archive.org/details/timeswehadlivewi00davirich |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Bobbs-Merrill Company]], Inc. |location=Indianapolis and New York |date=1975 |isbn=978-0-672-52112-6}}</ref> whom he called "an extraordinary woman—nothing like the character [[Dorothy Comingore]] played in the movie."<ref name="Welles TIOW"/>{{Rp|49}} He cited Insull's building of the [[Civic Opera House (Chicago)|Chicago Opera House]], and McCormick's lavish promotion of the opera career of his second wife, [[Ganna Walska]], as direct influences on the screenplay.<ref name="Welles TIOW"/>{{Rp|49}}

The character of [[political boss]] Jim W. Gettys is based on [[Charles F. Murphy]], a leader in New York City's infamous [[Tammany Hall]] political machine.<ref name="Raising Kane"/>{{Rp|61}}

Welles credited "Rosebud" to Mankiewicz.<ref name="Welles TIOW"/>{{Rp|53}} Biographer [[Richard Meryman]] wrote that the symbol of Mankiewicz's own damaged childhood was a treasured bicycle, stolen while he visited the public library and not replaced by his family as punishment. He regarded it as the prototype of Charles Foster Kane's sled.<ref name=Meryman/>{{Rp|300}} In his 2015 Welles biography, [[Patrick McGilligan (biographer)|Patrick McGilligan]] reported that Mankiewicz himself stated that the word "Rosebud" was taken from the name of a famous racehorse, [[Old Rosebud]]. Mankiewicz had a bet on the horse in the [[1914 Kentucky Derby]], which he won, and McGilligan wrote that "Old Rosebud symbolized his lost youth, and the break with his family". In testimony for a copyright infringement suit brought by Hearst biographer [[Ferdinand Lundberg]], Mankiewicz said, "I had undergone psycho-analysis, and Rosebud, under circumstances slightly resembling the circumstances in [''Citizen Kane''], played a prominent part."<ref>{{cite book |last=McGilligan |first=Patrick |author-link=Patrick McGilligan (biographer) |date=2015 |title=Young Orson |location=New York |publisher=[[Harper (publisher)|Harper]] |page=697 |isbn=978-0-06-211248-4}}</ref> [[Gore Vidal]] has argued in the ''[[New York Review of Books]]'' that "Rosebud was what Hearst called his friend Marion Davies's clitoris".<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1989/08/17/rosebud/ |title=''Rosebud'' – Gore Vidal|magazine=[[The New York Review of Books]]|last1=Topkis | first1=Jay | last2=Vidal | first2=Gore|author2-link=Gore Vidal}}</ref>

The ''News on the March'' sequence that begins the film satirizes the journalistic style of ''[[The March of Time]]'', the news documentary and dramatization series presented in movie theaters by [[Time Inc.]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Gilling |first=Ted |date=May 7, 1989 |title=Real to Reel: Newsreels and re-enactments help trio of documentaries make history come alive |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]]}}</ref> From 1935 to 1938<ref name="MOB">{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1988 |title=Orson Welles on the Air: The Radio Years. Catalogue for exhibition October 28 – December 3, 1988 |location=New York |publisher=[[Paley Center for Media|The Museum of Broadcasting]]}}</ref>{{Rp|47}} Welles was a member of the uncredited company of actors that presented the original [[The March of Time (radio program)|radio version]].<ref name="Bret Wood"/>{{Rp|77}}

Houseman claimed that banker Walter P. Thatcher was loosely based on [[J. P. Morgan]].<ref name="Mulvey">{{cite book |last=Mulvey |first=Laura |author-link=Laura Mulvey |title=Citizen Kane |url=https://archive.org/details/citizenkane00mulv |url-access=registration |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London, UK |date=1992 |isbn=978-1-84457-497-1}}</ref>{{Rp|55}} Bernstein was named for Dr. Maurice Bernstein, appointed Welles's guardian;<ref name="Welles TIOW"/>{{Rp|65–66}} Sloane's portrayal was said to be based on Bernard Herrmann.<ref name="americancomposers"/> Herbert Carter, editor of ''The Inquirer'', was named for actor [[Jack Carter (stage actor)|Jack Carter]].<ref name="Higham"/>{{Rp|155}}