Editing Chloramphenicol (section)

==Mechanism of action==

Chloramphenicol is a [[Bacteriostatic agent|bacteriostatic]] agent, [[protein synthesis inhibitor|inhibiting protein synthesis]]. It prevents [[protein synthesis|protein chain elongation]] by inhibiting the [[peptidyl transferase]] activity of the bacterial [[ribosome]]. It specifically binds to A2451 and A2452 residues<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schifano JM, Edifor R, Sharp JD, Ouyang M, Konkimalla A, Husson RN, Woychik NA | title = Mycobacterial toxin MazF-mt6 inhibits translation through cleavage of 23S rRNA at the ribosomal A site | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 110 | issue = 21 | pages = 8501–8506 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23650345 | pmc = 3666664 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1222031110 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2013PNAS..110.8501S }}</ref> in the [[23S ribosomal RNA|23S rRNA]] of the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing [[peptide bond]] formation.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://merck.com/mmpe/sec14/ch170/ch170d.html | title = Chloramphenicol | work = The Merck Manual | publisher = Merck & Co., Inc. | location = Rahway, NJ, USA | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100310105845/http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec14/ch170/ch170d.html | archive-date = 2010-03-10 }}</ref> Chloramphenicol directly interferes with substrate binding in the ribosome, as compared to [[macrolide]]s, which sterically block the progression of the growing peptide.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jardetzky O | title = Studies on the mechanism of action of chloramphenicol. I. The conformation of chlioramphenicol in solution | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 238 | issue = 7 | pages = 2498–2508 | date = July 1963 | pmid = 13957484 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)68000-2 | url = http://www.jbc.org/content/238/7/2498.full.pdf | url-status = live | doi-access = free | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151211033031/http://www.jbc.org/content/238/7/2498.full.pdf | archive-date = 2015-12-11 | author-link1 = Oleg Jardetzky }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wolfe AD, Hahn FE | title = Mode of action of chloramphenicol IX. Effects of chloramphenicol upon a ribosomal amino acid polymerization system and its binding to bacterial ribosome | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis | volume = 95 | pages = 146–155 | date = January 1965 | pmid = 14289020 | doi = 10.1016/0005-2787(65)90219-4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hahn FE, Wisseman CL, Hopps HE | title = Mode of action of chloramphenicol. III. Action of chloramphenicol on bacterial energy metabolism | journal = Journal of Bacteriology | volume = 69 | issue = 2 | pages = 215–223 | date = February 1955 | pmid = 14353832 | pmc = 357505 | doi = 10.1128/JB.69.2.215-223.1955 }}</ref>