Editing Chinatown, Manhattan (section)

==Economy==
[[File:Chinatown 02 - New York City.jpg|upright=1.0|thumb|right|A Chinatown grocery store]]
[[File:Chinatown manhattan fishmarket.jpg|upright=1.0|thumb|right|A [[fish market]] in Chinatown]]

Chinese [[greengrocer]]s and [[fishmonger]]s are clustered around Mott Street, Mulberry Street, [[Canal Street (Manhattan)|Canal Street]] (by Baxter Street), and all along [[East Broadway (Manhattan)|East Broadway]] (especially by Catherine Street). The Chinese [[jewelry|jewelers']] district is on Canal Street between Mott and Bowery. There are many Asian and American banks in the neighborhood. Canal Street, west of [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] (especially on the Northside), is filled with street vendors selling [[counterfeit consumer goods|knock-off brands]] of perfumes, watches, and handbags. This section of Canal Street was previously the home of [[warehouse]] stores selling surplus/salvage electronics and hardware.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}

In addition, tourism and restaurants are major industries. The district boasts many historical and cultural attractions, and it is a destination for tour companies like Manhattan Walking Tour, Big Onion, NYC Chinatown Tours, and [[Lower East Side History Project]].<ref>See:
* [http://bigonion.com/description/index.html Big Onion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725213322/http://bigonion.com/description/index.html |date=July 25, 2011 }}
* [http://www.nycchinatowntours.com NYC Chinatown Tours] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316143900/http://www.nycchinatowntours.com/ |date=March 16, 2011 }}
* [http://www.leshp.org/walking-tours/forgotten-lower-east-side/ Lower East Side History Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424065027/http://www.leshp.org/walking-tours/forgotten-lower-east-side/ |date=April 24, 2016 }}</ref> Tour stops often include landmarks like the [[Church of the Transfiguration (New York City)|Church of the Transfiguration]] and the [[Lin Zexu]] and [[Confucius]] statues.<ref>[http://bigonion.com/description/index.html Big Onion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725213322/http://bigonion.com/description/index.html |date=July 25, 2011 }}</ref> The enclave's many restaurants also support the tourism industry. In Chinatown, more than 300 Chinese restaurants provide employment.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}} Notable and well-reviewed Chinatown establishments include [[Joe's Shanghai]], Jing Fong, New Green Bo and Amazing 66.<ref>See:
* [http://www.10best.com/destinations/new-york/new-york/restaurants/chinatowns-best/ 10 Best Chinatown Restaurants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409132118/http://www.10best.com/destinations/new-york/new-york/restaurants/chinatowns-best/ |date=April 9, 2011 }}
* [http://gonyc.about.com/od/restaurants/tp/topdimsum.htm 8 recommended restaurants in New York City, about.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206060942/http://gonyc.about.com/od/restaurants/tp/topdimsum.htm |date=December 6, 2010 }}</ref>

Other contributors to the economy include factories. The proximity of the [[fashion industry]] has kept some [[Garment District, Manhattan|garment work]] in the local area, though much of the garment industry has since moved to China. The local garment industry now concentrates on quick production in small volumes and [[piece work]], which is generally done at the worker's home. Much of the population growth is due to immigration.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}

The [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] caused a decline in business for stores and restaurants in Chinatown. Chinatown was adversely affected by the attacks; being so physically close to [[World Trade Center site|Ground Zero]], Chinatown saw a very slow return of tourism and business. Part of the reason was the [[New York City Police Department|NYPD]] closure of [[Park Row (Manhattan)|Park Row]], one of two major roads linking the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] with Chinatown (the other being [[Centre Street (Manhattan)|Centre Street]]). However, the area's economy, as well as tourism, have rebounded since then. A Chinatown [[business improvement district]] was established in 2011 despite opposition from business owners in the community.<ref name="Berger">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/21/nyregion/chinatown-considers-business-improvement-district.html |title=Chinatown Considers Business Improvement District |last=Berger |first=Joseph |date=September 21, 2011 |work=The New York Times |access-date=September 21, 2011 |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128030712/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/21/nyregion/chinatown-considers-business-improvement-district.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=October 15, 2011|title=Chinatown BID approved despite opposition|url=https://www.citylandnyc.org/chinatown-bid-approved-despite-opposition/|access-date=August 8, 2020|website=CityLand|language=en-US|archive-date=October 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024031541/https://www.citylandnyc.org/chinatown-bid-approved-despite-opposition/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The neighborhood is home to several large Chinese supermarkets. In August 2011, a new branch of New York Supermarket opened on Mott Street in the central district of grocery and food shopping of Manhattan's Chinatown.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ourchinatown.org/2011/08/01/new-supermarket-opens-on-mott-street-in-chinatown/ |title=New Supermarket Opens on Mott Street in Chinatown |publisher=OurChinatown |access-date=June 9, 2014 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305043622/http://ourchinatown.org/2011/08/01/new-supermarket-opens-on-mott-street-in-chinatown |url-status=dead }}</ref> Just a block away from New York Supermarket, is a [[Hong Kong Supermarket]] located on the corner of Elizabeth and Hester Streets. These two supermarkets are among the largest Chinese supermarkets carrying all different food varieties within the long-time established Cantonese community in the western section of Manhattan's Chinatown.<ref name="Travel New York City - Illustrated Guide and Maps">{{cite book |title=Travel New York City – Illustrated Guide and Maps |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-6fjsplSRAC&pg=PT204 |access-date=July 25, 2012 |year=2007 |publisher=MobileReference |isbn=978-1-60501-028-1 |pages=204–}}</ref> A Hong Kong Supermarket at East Broadway and Pike Street burned down in 2009 and plans to construct a 91-room Marriott Hotel in its place resulted in community protests.<ref>{{cite web |last=Meng |first=Helen |url=http://voicesofny.org/2011/10/chinatown-gathering-protests-development/ |title=Chinatown gathering protests development |publisher=Voices of NY |date=October 31, 2011 |access-date=June 9, 2014 |archive-date=April 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422034039/https://voicesofny.org/2011/10/chinatown-gathering-protests-development/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The New York Supermarkets chain, which also operates markets in Elmhurst and Flushing, settled with the New York State Attorney General in 2008 in which it paid back wages and overtime to workers.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/12/09/supermarket-to-pay-back-wages-and-overtime/ |work=The New York Times |first=Steven |last=Greenhouse |title=Supermarket to Pay Back Wages and Overtime |date=December 9, 2008 |access-date=November 27, 2011 |archive-date=November 1, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101064539/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/12/09/supermarket-to-pay-back-wages-and-overtime/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Many of the [[Chinese restaurant]] [[menu]]s in the U.S. are printed in Chinatown, Manhattan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/foodanddrink/casual/20-secrets-of-your-local-chinese-takeout-joint/ss-AAqZN6n?li=BBnb7Kz&ocid=iehp#image=15 |title=20 Secrets of Your Local Chinese Takeout Joint |publisher=The Daily Meal |access-date=September 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924094434/http://www.msn.com/en-us/foodanddrink/casual/20-secrets-of-your-local-chinese-takeout-joint/ss-AAqZN6n?li=BBnb7Kz&ocid=iehp#image=15 |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Manhattan's Chinatown has had a history of mini malls with varieties of small shops, however due to the gentrification, this trend has been declining. However, two significant well known mini malls in Manhattan's Chinatown still exist and stand out the most, which are '''Elizabeth Center''' at ''13 [[Elizabeth Street (Manhattan)|Elizabeth Street]]'' right next to [[New York City Police Department|NYPD]]'s 5th precinct and '''East Broadway Mall''' at ''88 [[East Broadway (Manhattan)|East Broadway]]'' under the [[Manhattan Bridge]]. Elizabeth Center is a Hong Kong style shopping center with varieties of shops with most of them being owned by Cantonese speakers along with some owned by other Chinese speakers as well and is located in the longer time established western Cantonese Chinatown, therefore their customer base are largely Cantonese speakers from the local neighborhoods as well as from other places, however other Chinese speakers from the local area and from other places including Chinese tourists also come to shop at this mini mall. Elizabeth Center also attracts a lot of Non-Asian tourists and visitors and it is often very popular with younger generation customers of Chinese and non-Chinese descents due to the significant concentration of stores that sell varieties of affordable accessories as well as cartoon figure and [[Action figure]] products.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kza7FDKsvS8C&dq=elizabeth+center+elizabeth+street+chinatown+nyc&pg=PA54|title=Secret New York|date=1999|author=Robert Sietsema|publisher=[[ECW Press]]|isbn=9781550223743|page=54|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620122126/https://books.google.com/books?id=kza7FDKsvS8C&dq=elizabeth+center+elizabeth+street+chinatown+nyc&pg=PA54|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |date=September 10, 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yS7uyuLDufM |title=229.NY Chinatown, 疫情期間 ，紐約 唐人街 伊利沙伯中心 地下商場，會變成歷史嗎？Hera square,9/10/2021(K |publisher=Hera Square |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010035240/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yS7uyuLDufM |archive-date=October 10, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |date=September 2, 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is7M4JR5Ub8 |title=205.NY Chinatown, 疫情期間 ，紐約 唐人街 伊利沙伯中心 地下商場，慘淡經營,Hera Yan,9/2/2021(C |publisher=Hera Yan |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010035424/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is7M4JR5Ub8 |archive-date=October 10, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://macaulay.cuny.edu/seminars/brooks10/shopping/index.html|title=Shopping Locations &#124;|website=macaulay.cuny.edu|access-date=October 13, 2021|archive-date=October 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008162211/https://macaulay.cuny.edu/seminars/brooks10/shopping/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |date=June 26, 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1U-TzJc96SI | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/1U-TzJc96SI| archive-date=December 11, 2021 | url-status=live|title=City Searchers {{!}} Elizabeth Center |publisher=SinoVision 美国中文电视 |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=October 26, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |date=August 11, 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZU2JclQgNrg | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/ZU2JclQgNrg| archive-date=December 11, 2021 | url-status=live|title=DRAGON BALL TOYS AT NYC CHINATOWN, MIDTOWN COMICS & BOOKOFF! – Hunting For Dragon Ball Figures! #45 |publisher=SSJGoshin4 |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=October 26, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Contemporary Chinese America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ghKia5k6hXUC&dq=cantonese+immigrants+nyc+chinatown&pg=PA103|author=Min Zhou|date=April 7, 2009|isbn=9781592138593|publisher=[[Temple University Press]]|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620122124/https://books.google.com/books?id=ghKia5k6hXUC&dq=cantonese+immigrants+nyc+chinatown&pg=PA103|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3jUTCgAAQBAJ&q=cantonese+immigrants+nyc+chinatown|title=God in Chinatown|author=Kenneth J. Guest|date=August 2003|isbn=9780814731543|publisher=[[NYU Press]]|access-date=March 18, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620122121/https://books.google.com/books?id=3jUTCgAAQBAJ&q=cantonese+immigrants+nyc+chinatown|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/beemanneighborhoods/timelinehistory/|title=History of Chinatown – Neighborhood Projects|date=June 14, 2022|access-date=October 13, 2021|archive-date=October 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026204606/https://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/beemanneighborhoods/timelinehistory/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto5"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://commons.library.stonybrook.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=aasrs|title=How Do Chinese Dialects Reflect the Way in Which Chinese Immigrants settle?|author=Tom Yang|publisher=[[Stony Brook University]]|access-date=October 13, 2021|archive-date=January 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121085853/https://commons.library.stonybrook.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=aasrs|url-status=live}}</ref>

East Broadway Mall, at 88 East Broadway, was developed in the late 1980s on a city-owned plot of land under the Manhattan Bridge.<ref name="Chan 2022"/> When East Broadway Mall opened, their storefront owners and customer base were mainly Cantonese speakers as the Chinese speaking population in the area was still very Cantonese speaking, however as early as the 1980s, a Fuzhouese-speaking population already had begun growing in the East Broadway neighborhood, which eventually by the 1990s had slowly grown into a Fuzhou speaking enclave distinct from the original older established Cantonese Chinatown from [[Bowery|Bowery Street]] going west and then reflectively the storefront owners and customer base at East Broadway Mall then slowly shifted to majority Fuzhou speakers. The area's Fuzhouese-speaking population has been declining since the 2010s due to gentrification, and many residents relocated to New York City's outer boroughs. The [[COVID-19 pandemic in New York City]] exacerbated the situation at East Broadway Mall, and the dim sum restaurant upstairs, which had operated for a long time, was closed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiPlyMGoGoQC&dq=East+Broadway+Mall&pg=PA270|title=Making Teaching and Learning Matter: Transformative Spaces in Higher Education|first1=Judith|last1=Summerfield|first2=Cheryl C.|last2=Smith|date=December 9, 2010|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9789048191666|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JykAAAAAMBAJ&dq=East+Broadway+Mall+was+once+Cantonese&pg=PA30|title=New York Magazine|first=New York Media|last=LLC|date=April 12, 1993|publisher=New York Media, LLC|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="auto3"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldjournal.com/wj/story/121382/5668533|title=紐約市府將收回怡東商場經營權 陳倩雯籲撥款助復甦|website=世界新聞網|access-date=October 13, 2021|archive-date=October 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008185959/https://www.worldjournal.com/wj/story/121382/5668533|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.singtaousa.com/3598002|title=市府將收回怡東租約引商戶恐慌 管理方稱地稅飛漲多年求助無門|website=www.singtaousa.com|date=August 26, 2021|access-date=November 3, 2021|archive-date=March 14, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314173026/https://www.singtaousa.com/2021-08-26/%e5%b8%82%e5%ba%9c%e5%b0%87%e6%94%b6%e5%9b%9e%e6%80%a1%e6%9d%b1%e7%a7%9f%e7%b4%84%e5%bc%95%e5%95%86%e6%88%b6%e6%81%90%e6%85%8c-%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e6%96%b9%e7%a8%b1%e5%9c%b0%e7%a8%85%e9%a3%9b%e6%bc%b2/3598002#page5|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |date=October 3, 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMsKvXZeinc | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/qMsKvXZeinc| archive-date=December 11, 2021 | url-status=live|title=曼哈顿唐人街 华人商城 怡东楼 荒凉 惨 关门倒闭潮 |publisher=杨杨穷游美国-纽约篇 New York City |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=October 26, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25920980|title=The slow decline of American Chinatowns|work=BBC News|date=February 4, 2014|access-date=June 21, 2018|archive-date=March 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327092457/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25920980|url-status=live}}</ref> Elizabeth Center has done marginally better, and many tenants remained during the COVID-19 pandemic. By contrast, East Broadway Mall went from having around 80 stores to roughly 17 during the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asamnews.com/2021/10/26/chinatown-mall-that-once-employed-thousands-may-close/|title=Chinatown Mall That Once Employed Thousands May Close|date=October 26, 2021|access-date=October 28, 2021|archive-date=October 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029053910/https://asamnews.com/2021/10/26/chinatown-mall-that-once-employed-thousands-may-close/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc7ny.com/11166645/|title=Chinatown mall that once employed thousands at risk of shutting down|first=CeFaan|last=Kim|date=October 25, 2021|website=ABC7 New York|access-date=November 3, 2021|archive-date=March 14, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314173139/https://abc7ny.com/east-broadway-mall-chinatown-terry-chan-pandemic/11166645/|url-status=live}}</ref> Media sources reported in November 2021 that the [[Government of New York (state)|New York state government]] was giving $20 million to revitalize several city-owned properties in the area. Some proposals have been made to convert the interiors of the East Broadway Mall into a community theater, with commercial stores outdoors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boweryboogie.com/2021/11/chinatown-awarded-20m-state-grant-to-revamp-east-broadway-mall-and-nearby/|title=Chinatown Awarded $20M State Grant to Revamp East Broadway Mall and Sites Nearby|access-date=November 16, 2021|archive-date=June 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620030247/https://www.boweryboogie.com/2021/11/chinatown-awarded-20m-state-grant-to-revamp-east-broadway-mall-and-nearby/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>https://j99news.com/2021/11/12/chinatown-receives-20-million-grant-to-renovate-east-broadway-mall-forsyth-plaza-and-kimlau-square/ </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://gothamist.com/news/chinatown-gets-20-million-grant-revamp-east-broadway-mall-forsyth-plaza-and-kimlau-square|title = Chinatown Gets $20 Million Grant to Revamp East Broadway Mall, Forsyth Plaza, and Kimlau Square|date = November 12, 2021|access-date = November 16, 2021|archive-date = November 17, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211117143627/https://gothamist.com/news/chinatown-gets-20-million-grant-revamp-east-broadway-mall-forsyth-plaza-and-kimlau-square|url-status = live}}</ref> However, [[Curbed]] reported in October 2022 that the government grant was being rescinded from East Broadway Mall.<ref name="Chan 2022">{{cite web | last=Chan | first=Wilfred | title=Why One Chinatown Mini-mall Languishes While Another Thrives | website=Curbed | date=October 31, 2022 | url=https://www.curbed.com/2022/10/chinatown-minimalls-east-broadway-88-palace-pilot-taxes.html | access-date=November 21, 2022 | archive-date=November 19, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119043517/https://www.curbed.com/2022/10/chinatown-minimalls-east-broadway-88-palace-pilot-taxes.html | url-status=live }}</ref>