Editing Chalcogen (section)

===Chalcophile elements===
{{see also|Chalcophile|Goldschmidt classification}}
Chalcophile elements are those that remain on or close to the surface because they combine readily with chalcogens other than oxygen, forming compounds which do not sink into the core. Chalcophile ("chalcogen-loving") elements in this context are those metals and heavier nonmetals that have a low affinity for oxygen and prefer to bond with the heavier chalcogen sulfur as sulfides.<ref>{{cite book|last = Sodhi|first = G. S.|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EMlxjftDCY0C&pg=PA33|title = Fundamental Concepts of Environmental Chemistry|year = 2000| publisher=Alpha Science International |isbn = 978-1-84265-281-7}}</ref> Because sulfide minerals are much denser than the silicate minerals formed by [[lithophile element]]s,<ref name = "Rocks and Minerals"/> chalcophile elements separated below the lithophiles at the time of the first crystallisation of the Earth's crust. This has led to their depletion in the Earth's crust relative to their solar abundances, though this depletion has not reached the levels found with siderophile elements.<ref>{{cite web|last = Rubin|first = Kenneth H.|url = http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/krubin/GG325/lect34.pdf|title = Lecture 34 Planetary Accretion|publisher=University of Hawaii|access-date = January 16, 2013}}</ref>
{{periodic table (Goldschmidt classification)}}