Editing Buffalo, New York (section)

==Parks and recreation==
{{Main|Parks and recreation in Buffalo, New York}}
[[File:TifftNaturePreserve.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Boardwalk through a marsh|[[Tifft Nature Preserve]]]]

[[Frederick Law Olmsted]] described Buffalo as being "the best planned city&nbsp;[...] in the United States, if not the world".<ref name ="OldestParks">{{cite journal |last1=Schuyler |first1=David |title=Parks in Urban America |journal=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History |date=3 November 2015 |pages=1, 7 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.58 |isbn=978-0-19-932917-5 |url=https://oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-58 |access-date=9 May 2021 |archive-date=May 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510141845/https://oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-58 |url-access = subscription |url-status=live}}</ref> With encouragement from city stakeholders, he and [[Calvert Vaux]] augmented the city's grid plan by [[Haussmann's renovation of Paris|drawing inspiration from Paris]] and introducing [[landscape architecture]] with aspects of the countryside.<ref name="Olmsted" /> Their plan would introduce [[Park system|a system]] of interconnected parks, [[parkway]]s and trails, unlike the singular [[Central Park]] in [[New York City]].<ref name="Olmsted" /> The largest would be [[Delaware Park–Front Park System|Delaware Park]], across [[Forest Lawn Cemetery (Buffalo)|Forest Lawn Cemetery]] to amplify the amount of open space.<ref name="Olmsted" /> With construction of the system finishing in 1876, it is regarded as the country's oldest; however, some of Olmsted's plans were never fully realized.<ref name="OldestParks" /> Some parks later diminished and succumbed to diseases, highway construction, and weather events such as Lake Storm Aphid in 2006.<ref name="Arborgeddon" /><ref name="Olmsted" /> The non-profit Buffalo Olmsted Park Conservancy was created in 2004 to help preserve the {{cvt|850|acre|ha}} of parkland.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Conservancy {{!}} Buffalo Olmsted Parks Conservancy - His Legacy. Our Inheritance. |url=https://www.bfloparks.org/about/ |website=Buffalo Olmsted Parks |access-date=16 May 2021 |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013022752/https://www.bfloparks.org/about/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Olmsted's work in Buffalo inspired similar efforts in cities such as San Francisco, Chicago, and Boston.<ref name ="Olmsted">{{cite journal |last1=Kowsky |first1=Francis R. |author-link = Francis Kowsky |title=Municipal Parks and City Planning: Frederick Law Olmsted's Buffalo Park and Parkway System |journal=[[Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians]] |date=1 March 1987 |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=49–64 |doi=10.2307/990145 |jstor=990145}}</ref>
<!-- Delaware Park landscape view -->

The city's Division of Parks and Recreation manages over 180 parks and facilities, seven recreational centers, twenty-one pools and [[splash pad]]s, and three ice rinks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Division of Parks & Recreation {{!}} Buffalo, NY |url=https://www.buffalony.gov/332/Division-of-Parks-Recreation |website=City of Buffalo |access-date=16 May 2021 |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203031350/https://www.buffalony.gov/332/Division-of-Parks-Recreation |url-status=live }} and {{cite web |title=Public Pool & Ice Skating Rink Information {{!}} Buffalo, NY |url=http://www.buffalony.gov/369/Public-Pool-Ice-Skating-Rink-Information |website=City of Buffalo |access-date=16 May 2021 |archive-date=May 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510034820/http://www.buffalony.gov/369/Public-Pool-Ice-Skating-Rink-Information |url-status=live }}</ref> The {{cvt|350|acre|ha|adj=on}} Delaware Park features the [[Buffalo Zoo]], Hoyt Lake, a golf course, and playing fields. Buffalo collaborated with its sister city [[Kanazawa]] to create the park's Japanese Garden in 1970, where [[cherry blossom]]s bloom in the spring.<ref>{{cite web |title=Buffalo Olmsted Park System, Map & Guide |url=https://view.publitas.com/29804/428554/pdfs/0bbddc415a59fde2150ecb6547a453237420868a.pdf |publisher=Buffalo Olmsted Parks Conservancy |access-date=16 May 2021 |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516083006/https://view.publitas.com/29804/428554/pdfs/0bbddc415a59fde2150ecb6547a453237420868a.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Opening in 1976, [[Tifft Nature Preserve]] in South Buffalo is on {{cvt|264|acre|ha}} of remediated industrial land. The preserve is an [[Important Bird Area]], including a meadow with trails for hiking and [[cross-country skiing]], [[marsh]]land and fishing.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us - Tifft Nature Preserve - Nature Next Door |url=https://www.tifft.org/about-us/ |website=Tifft Nature Preserve |access-date=19 May 2021 |archive-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519050824/https://www.tifft.org/about-us/ |url-status=live}} and {{cite web |title=Tifft Nature Preserve - NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation |url=https://www.dec.ny.gov/outdoor/71055.html |website=[[New York State Department of Environmental Conservation]] |access-date=19 May 2021 |archive-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519052032/https://www.dec.ny.gov/outdoor/71055.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The Olmsted-designed [[Cazenovia Park–South Park System|Cazenovia and South Park]]s, the latter home to the [[Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens]], are also in South Buffalo.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.buffalogardens.com/pages/history |website=[[Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens]] |access-date=23 May 2021 |archive-date=September 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929160937/https://www.buffalogardens.com/pages/history |url-status=live}}</ref> According to [[the Trust for Public Land]], Buffalo's 2022 ParkScore ranking had high marks for access to parks, with 89 percent of city residents living within a ten-minute walk from a park. The city ranked lower in acreage, however; nine percent of city land is devoted to parks, compared with the national median of about fifteen percent.<ref>{{cite web |title=ParkScore for Buffalo, New York |url=https://www.tpl.org/city/buffalo-new-york |publisher=[[Trust for Public Land]] |access-date=2023-01-11 |date=2022 |archive-date=August 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802105841/https://www.tpl.org/city/buffalo-new-york |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Update after|2023|5|27|reason=New study will be released}}

[[File:Canalside 2.jpg|thumb|Looking down [[Canalside]]'s Central Wharf]]

Efforts to convert Buffalo's former industrial waterfront into recreational space have attracted national attention, with some writers comparing its appeal to that of Niagara Falls.<ref name = "Lubin">{{cite web |last1=Lubin |first1=Lisa |title=Buffalo's reborn Canalside pulses with energy year-round |quote=In 2016, Lisa Lubin of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' wrote, 'The famous Niagara Falls are just down river from [Canalside]. But now&nbsp;[ ... ] you can take a day trip [here] instead of the other way around.' |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-buffalo-reborn-canalside-travel-1211-20161122-story.html |website=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=November 24, 2016 |access-date=9 May 2021 |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125030538/https://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/ct-buffalo-reborn-canalside-travel-1211-20161122-story.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> Redevelopment of the waterfront began in the early 2000s, with the reconstruction of historically aligned canals on the site of the former [[Buffalo Memorial Auditorium]]. [[Placemaking]] initiatives would lead to the area's popularity, rather than permanent buildings and attractions.<ref name="PPGCanalside">{{cite web |last1=Zhao |first1=Michelle |title=Taking the High Road to Canalside: How Community Activism Has Shaped Buffalo's Waterfront |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/73548/Taking_the_High_Road_to_Canalside__How_Community_Activism_Has_Shaped_Buffalo_s_Waterfront.pdf |website=Partnership for the Public Good |access-date=16 May 2021 |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516083007/https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/73548/Taking_the_High_Road_to_Canalside__How_Community_Activism_Has_Shaped_Buffalo_s_Waterfront.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Under Mayor [[Byron Brown]], [[Canalside]] was cited by the Brookings Institution as an example of waterfront revitalization for other U.S. cities to follow.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harkness |first1=Alaina J. |title=Mayors can lead the way on waterfront revitalization |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/metropolitan-revolution/2017/03/16/mayors-can-lead-the-way-on-waterfront-revitalization/ |website=[[Brookings Institution]] |access-date=9 May 2021 |date=16 March 2017 |archive-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509051525/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/metropolitan-revolution/2017/03/16/mayors-can-lead-the-way-on-waterfront-revitalization/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Summer events have included [[Pedalo|paddle-boating]] and fitness classes, and the frozen canals permit [[ice skating]], [[curling]], and [[ice cycle|ice cycling]] in winter.<ref name="Lubin" /> Its success spurred the state to create [[Buffalo Harbor State Park]] in 2014; the park has trails, open recreation areas, bicycle paths and piers.<ref name="OuterHarbor">{{cite web |last1=Magavern |first1=Sam |title=Buffalo's Outer Harbor: The Right Place for a World-Class Park |url=https://ppgbuffalo.org/files/documents/environment/buffalos_outer_harbor_the_right_place_for_a_world-class_park.pdf |website=Partnership for the Public Good |access-date=10 May 2021 |pages=5, 19–20 |date=August 2019 |archive-date=October 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001202950/https://ppgbuffalo.org/files/documents/environment/buffalos_outer_harbor_the_right_place_for_a_world-class_park.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The park's Gallagher Beach, the city's only public beach, has prohibited swimming due to high bacteria levels and other environmental concerns.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sommer |first1=Mark |title=State rules out swimming at Gallagher Beach |url=https://buffalonews.com/news/local/state-rules-out-swimming-at-gallagher-beach/article_b889174d-fe77-5130-9c64-449f126a546f.html |url-access = limited |website=[[The Buffalo News]] |access-date=9 May 2021 |language=en |date=March 2, 2016 |archive-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509053040/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/state-rules-out-swimming-at-gallagher-beach/article_b889174d-fe77-5130-9c64-449f126a546f.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

The Shoreline Trail passes through Buffalo near the Outer Harbor, Centennial Park, and the Black Rock Canal.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Farrell |first1=Michael |title=Stashing your bike after summer? Not so fast - here are 9 great fall rides |url=https://buffalonews.com/entertainment/stashing-your-bike-after-summer-not-so-fast---here-are-9-great-fall/article_77c70a98-fda4-55e7-99fe-0a73bce745c5.html |url-access=limited |website=[[The Buffalo News]] |access-date=24 May 2021 |language=en |date=September 5, 2019 |archive-date=May 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524170348/https://subscribe.buffalonews.com/e/limit-reached-bn?returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fbuffalonews.com%2Fentertainment%2Fstashing-your-bike-after-summer-not-so-fast---here-are-9-great-fall%2Farticle_77c70a98-fda4-55e7-99fe-0a73bce745c5.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The North Buffalo–[[Tonawanda (town), New York|Tonawanda]] [[rail trail]] begins in Shoshone Park, near the [[LaSalle station (Buffalo Metro Rail)|LaSalle metro station]] in North Buffalo.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Popiolkowski |first1=Joseph |title=10 interesting things to know about the new Tonawanda Rails to Trails |url=https://buffalonews.com/news/local/10-interesting-things-to-know-about-the-new-tonawanda-rails-to-trails/article_26d717f6-52bd-5cbb-8e93-6c6c44210f02.html |url-access=limited |website=[[The Buffalo News]] |access-date=17 June 2021 |language=en |date=August 11, 2016 |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622041748/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/10-interesting-things-to-know-about-the-new-tonawanda-rails-to-trails/article_26d717f6-52bd-5cbb-8e93-6c6c44210f02.html |url-status=live}}</ref>