Editing Bryozoa (section)

====Ectoproct molecular phylogenetics====
The phylogenetic position of the ectoproct bryozoans remains uncertain, but it remains certain that they belong to the Protostomia and more specifically to the Lophotrochozoa. This implies that the ectoproct larva is a trochophore with the corona being a homologue of the prototroch; this is supported from the similarity between the coronate larvae and the Type 1 pericalymma larvae of some molluscs and sipunculans, where the prototroch zone is expanded to cover the hyposphere.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nielsen |first1=C. |last2=Worsaae |first2=K. |title=Structure and occurrence of cyphonautes larvae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta) |journal=Journal of Morphology |date=September 2010 |volume=271 |issue=9 |pages=1094–1109 |doi=10.1002/jmor.10856 |pmid=20730922 |s2cid=11453241}}</ref>

A study of the mitochondrial DNA sequence suggests that the Bryozoa may be related to the [[Chaetognatha]].<ref name=Shen2012>{{cite journal |author1=Shen, X. |author2=Tian, M. |author3=Meng, X. |author4=Liu, H. |author5=Cheng, H. |author6=Zhu, C. |author7=Zhao, F. |title=Complete mitochondrial genome of ''Membranipora grandicella'' (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) determined with next-generation sequencing: The first representative of the suborder Malacostegina |journal=Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics |date=September 2012 |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=248–253 |doi=10.1016/j.cbd.2012.03.003 |pmid=22503287}}</ref>