Editing Broadway (Manhattan) (section)

====Great White Way====
{{Redirect|Great White Way|the highway|U.S. Route 6 in Iowa#Great White Way/White Pole Road{{!}}U.S. Route 6 in Iowa|the film|The Great White Way (1924 film)|the fair attraction|1939 New York World's Fair#Amusement Area}}
"The Great White Way" is a nickname for a section of Broadway in [[Midtown Manhattan]], specifically the portion that encompasses the [[Theater District, Manhattan|Theater District]], between [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd]] and [[53rd Street (Manhattan)|53rd Streets]], and encompassing [[Times Square]].

In 1880, a stretch of Broadway between [[Union Square, Manhattan|Union Square]] and [[Madison Square]] was illuminated by [[Charles F. Brush|Brush]] [[arc lamp]]s, making it among the first electrically lighted streets in the United States.{{sfn|Burrows|Wallace|1999|p=1063}} By the 1890s, the portion from [[23rd Street (Manhattan)|23rd Street]] to [[34th Street (Manhattan)|34th Street]] was so brightly illuminated by electrical advertising signs, that people began calling it "The Great White Way".{{sfn|Burrows|Wallace|1999|p=1066}} When the theater district moved uptown, the name was transferred to the Times Square area.

The phrase "Great White Way" has been attributed to Shep Friedman, columnist for the ''[[New York Morning Telegraph]]'' in 1901, who lifted the term from the title of a book about the Arctic by [[Albert Paine]].<ref name="bloom">{{cite book | last=Bloom | first=Ken | title=Broadway: An Encyclopedia | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-203-64435-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBiEO8q59f0C&pg=PA499 | page=499 | access-date=March 16, 2016 | archive-date=March 17, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317180319/https://books.google.com/books?id=GBiEO8q59f0C&pg=PA499 | url-status=live }}</ref> The headline "Found on the Great White Way" appeared in the February 3, 1902, edition of the ''[[New York World-Telegram|New York Evening Telegram]]''.<ref name="bloom"/>

A portrait of Broadway in the early part of the 20th century and "The Great White Way" late at night appeared in "Artist In Manhattan" (1940)<ref>Jerome Myers, Artist in Manhattan, New York: American Artists Group, Inc. 1940.</ref> written by the artist-historian [[Jerome Myers]]:

{{quote|Early morn on Broadway, the same light that tips the mountain tops of the Colorado canyons gradually discloses the quiet anatomy, the bare skeletons of the huge iron signs that trellis the sky, now denuded of the attractions of the volcanic night. Almost lifeless, the tired entertainers of the night clubs and their friends straggle to their rooms, taximen compare notes and earnings, the vast street scene has had its curtain call, the play is over.

Dear old Broadway, for many years have I dwelt on your borders. I have known the quiet note of your dawn. Even earlier I would take my coffee at Martin's, at 54th Street–now, alas, vanished–where I would see creatures of the night life before they disappeared with the dawn.

One night a celebrated female impersonator came to the restaurant in all his regalia, directly from a club across the street. Several taximen began to poke fun at him. Unable any longer to bear their taunts, he got up and knocked all the taximen out cold. Then he went back to the club, only to lament under his bitter tears, "See how they've ruined my dress!"

Gone are the old-time Broadway oyster bars and chop houses that were the survivors of a tradition of their sporting patrons, the bon vivants of Manhattan. Gone are the days when the Hoffman House flourished on Madison Square, with its famous nudes by [[William-Adolphe Bouguereau|Bouguereau]]; when barrooms were palaces, on nearly every corner throughout the city; when [[Steve Brodie (bridge jumper)|Steve Brodie]], jumping from Brooklyn Bridge, splashed the entire country with publicity; when [[Bowery]] concert halls dispensed schooners of beer for a nickel, with a stage show thrown in; when Theis's Music Hall still resounded on 14th Street with its great mechanical organ, the wonder of its day, a place of beauty, with fine paintings and free company and the frankest of female life. Across the street was [[Tammany Hall#Headquarters|Tammany Hall]], and next to it [[Tony Pastor]]'s, where stars of the stage were born. Tony himself, in dress clothes and top hat, sang his ballads, a gallant trouper introducing [[Lillian Russell]] and others to fame through his audience.}}