Editing Bosporus (section)

=== Submarine ===
The [[Marmaray]] project, featuring a {{convert|13.7|km|mi|abbr=on}} long undersea [[Rail transport|railway]] [[tunnel]], opened on 29 October 2013.<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkey's Bosporus tunnel to open sub-sea Asia link |work=BBC News |date=29 October 2013 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24721779}}</ref> Approximately {{convert|1400|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} of the tunnel runs under the strait, at a depth of about {{convert|55|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.

An undersea [[Water tunnel (physical infrastructure)|water supply tunnel]] with a length of {{convert|5551|m|ft|abbr=on}},<ref name=CNNTurkTunnel /> named the [[Bosporus Water Tunnel]], was constructed in 2012 to transfer water from the Melen Creek in [[Düzce Province]] (to the east of the Bosporus strait, in northwestern [[Anatolia]]) to the European side of Istanbul, a distance of {{convert|185|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=CNNTurkTunnel>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnnturk.com/2012/turkiye/05/21/melen.hatti.bogazi.gecti/661848.0/index.html|title=Melen hattı Boğaz'ı geçti |work=CNN Türk |language=tr |date=2012-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2012/05/19/melen-bogazi-geciyor|newspaper=[[Sabah (newspaper)|Sabah]] Ekonomi|title=Melen Boğaz'ı geçiyor|author=Nayır, Mehmet|date=2012-05-19|language=tr|access-date=2012-06-11}}</ref>

The [[Eurasia Tunnel]] is a {{convert|5.4|km|mi|abbr=on}} undersea [[highway]] tunnel designed for vehicular traffic between [[Kazlıçeşme]] on the European side of Istanbul and [[Göztepe, Istanbul|Göztepe]] on the Asian side. Construction began in February 2011, and the tunnel opened on 20 December 2016.<ref name="uc">{{cite web|url=http://events.unicredit-cib.eu/uploads/media/Presentation_Basar_Arioglu_Yapi_Merkezi_Insaat.pdf |publisher=Unicredit - Yapı Merkezi, SK EC Joint Venture |title=Eurasia Tunnel Project |access-date=2014-04-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030427/http://events.unicredit-cib.eu/uploads/media/Presentation_Basar_Arioglu_Yapi_Merkezi_Insaat.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>

Up to four submarine fibre optics lines ([[MedNautilus]] and possibly others) approach Istanbul, coming from the Mediterranean through the Dardanelles.<ref>{{cite conference |first=Gülnazi |last=Yüce |url=http://hro-cigre.hr/downloads/SEERC_CD/papers/topic_2/2-03_presentation.pdf |title=Submarine Cable Projects (2-03) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409043054/http://hro-cigre.hr/downloads/SEERC_CD/papers/topic_2/2-03_presentation.pdf |archive-date=9 April 2018 |conference=First South East European Regional CIGRÉ Conference |location=Portorož, Slovenia |date=7–8 June 2016 |access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://submarine-cable-map-2017.telegeography.com |title=Submarine Cable Map 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928152213/http://submarine-cable-map-2017.telegeography.com/ |archive-date=28 September 2017 |url-status=live |work=TeleGeography |access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref>