Editing Boris Pasternak (section)

== Legacy ==
[[File:The Soviet Union 1990 CPA 6257 stamp (Nobel laureate in Literature Boris Pasternak. A scene based on the novel Doctor Zhivago).jpg|thumb|Pasternak on a 1990 Soviet stamp]]
After Pasternak's death, Ivinskaya was arrested for the second time, with her daughter, Irina Emelyanova. Both were accused of being Pasternak's link with Western publishers and of dealing in hard currency for ''Doctor Zhivago''. All of Pasternak's letters to Ivinskaya, as well as many other manuscripts and documents, were seized by the [[KGB]]. The KGB quietly released them, Irina after one year, in 1962, and Olga in 1964.<ref name=independent>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-olga-ivinskaya-1600834.html |title=OBITUARY: Olga Ivinskaya |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=13 September 1995 |access-date=27 October 2010}}</ref> By this time, Ivinskaya had served four years of an eight-year sentence, in retaliation for her role in ''Doctor Zhivago'''s publication.<ref name=nytimes>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/13/obituaries/olga-ivinskaya-83-pasternak-muse-for-zhivago.html |title=Olga Ivinskaya, 83, Pasternak Muse for 'Zhivago' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=13 September 1995 |access-date=27 October 2010}}</ref> In 1978, her memoirs were smuggled abroad and published in Paris. An English translation by [[Max Hayward]] was published the same year under the title ''A Captive of Time: My Years with Pasternak''.

Ivinskaya was [[Rehabilitation (Soviet)|rehabilitated]] only in 1988. After the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], Ivinskaya sued for the return of the letters and documents seized by the KGB in 1961. The [[Russian Supreme Court]] ultimately ruled against her, stating that "there was no proof of ownership" and that the "papers should remain in the state archive".<ref name=independent/> Ivinskaya died of cancer on 8 September 1995.<ref name=nytimes/> A reporter on [[NTV (Russia)|NTV]] compared her role to that of other famous [[muse]]s for Russian poets: "As [[Pushkin]] would not be complete without [[Anna Kern]], and [[Yesenin]] would be nothing without [[Isadora Duncan|Isadora]], so Pasternak would not be Pasternak without [[Olga Ivinskaya]], who was his inspiration for ''Doctor Zhivago''.".<ref name=nytimes/>

Meanwhile, Boris Pasternak continued to be pilloried by the Soviet State until [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] proclaimed [[Perestroika]] during the 1980s.

In 1980, an asteroid was named [[3508 Pasternak]] after Boris Pasternak.<ref>{{cite web |title=IAU Minor Planet Center |url=https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3508 |website=minorplanetcenter.net |access-date=10 February 2021}}</ref>

In 1988, after decades of circulating in [[Samizdat]], ''Doctor Zhivago'' was serialized in the literary journal ''[[Novy Mir]]''.<ref>[http://magazines.russ.ru/novyi_mi/soder/80-89.html Contents] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061009193844/http://magazines.russ.ru/novyi_mi/soder/80-89.html |date=9 October 2006}} of [[Novy Mir]] magazines {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

In December 1989, Yevgenii Borisovich Pasternak was permitted to travel to Stockholm in order to collect his father's Nobel Medal.<ref>[http://english.pravda.ru/society/showbiz/18-12-2003/4383-pasternak-0/ "Boris Pasternak: The Nobel Prize. Son's memoirs"], ''Pravda'', 18 December 2003.</ref> At the ceremony, acclaimed cellist and Soviet dissident [[Mstislav Rostropovich]] performed a [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]] serenade in honor of his deceased countryman.

The Pasternak family papers are stored at the [[Hoover Institution]] Archives, [[Stanford University]]. They contain correspondence, drafts of ''[[Doctor Zhivago (novel)|Doctor Zhivago]]'' and other writings, photographs, and other material, of Boris Pasternak and other family members.

Since 2003, during the first presidency of [[Vladimir Putin]], the novel ''Doctor Zhivago'' has entered the Russian school curriculum, where it is read in the 11th grade of secondary school.<ref name=r1>[http://www.aif.ru/culture/book/_ne_chital_no_osuzhdayu_5_faktov_o_romane_doktor_zhivago_ «Не читал, но осуждаю!»: 5 фактов о романе «Доктор Живаго»] 18:17, 23 October 2013, Елена Меньшенина.</ref>

=== Commemoration ===
In October 1984 by decision of a court, Pasternak's [[dacha]] in [[Peredelkino]] was taken from the writer's relatives and transferred to state ownership. Two years later, in 1986, the House-Museum of Boris Pasternak was founded<ref name=autogenerated2>M. Feinberg (2010). Comments from the book. B. Pasternak, Z. Pasternak ''The Second Birth''. M.: House-Museum of Boris Pasternak. p. 469.</ref> (the first [[Historic house museum|house-museum]] in [[Soviet Union|the USSR]]).

In 1990, the year of the poet's 100th anniversary, the Pasternak Museum opened its doors in [[Chistopol]], in the house where the poet evacuated to during the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Great Patriotic War]] (1941–1943),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://museum.prometey.org/info;2|title=Boris Pasternak museum in Chistopol|publisher=museum.prometey.org|access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref> and in [[Peredelkino]], where he lived for many years until his death.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.ru/M449|title=Information about Pasternak's house museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729082228/http://www.museum.ru/M449|access-date=2 January 2020|archive-date=29 July 2013}}</ref> The head of the poet's house-museum is Natalia Pasternak, his daughter-in-law (widow of the youngest son [[Leonid Pasternak|Leonid]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rosbalt.ru/main/2006/11/10/274340.html|title=The monument on Boris Pasternak's grave was desecrated|date=10 November 2006|publisher=rosbalt.ruaccessdate=2020-01-02}}</ref>

In 2008 a museum was opened in [[Vsevolodo-Vilva]] in the house where the budding poet lived from January to June 1916.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.perm.ru/forvisitor/15|title=Pasternak's house in Vsevolodo-Vilva|publisher=museum.perm.ru|access-date=23 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dompasternaka.ru/about/|title="Pasternak's house" official website|publisher=dompasternaka.ru|access-date=2 January 2020|archive-date=4 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904012022/http://www.dompasternaka.ru/about/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2009 on the City Day in [[Perm, Russia|Perm]] the first Russian monument to Pasternak was erected in the square near the [[Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre|Opera Theater]] (sculptor: Elena Munc).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lenta.ru/news/2009/06/12/pasternak/|title=The first Russian monument to Pasternak was opened in Perm|date=12 June 2009|publisher=lenta.ru|access-date=1 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inauka.ru/fact/article70671.html|title=Bronze statue of Pasternak will return to Volkhonka|author=Yu. Ignatiyeva |date=14 December 2006|publisher=inauka.ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061216194519/http://www.inauka.ru/fact/article70671.html|access-date=2 January 2020|archive-date=16 December 2006}}</ref>

[[File:Pasternaklaan Zoetermeer.jpg|thumb|left|Boris Pasternak Street [[Zoetermeer]], [[Netherlands]]]]

A [[memorial plaque]] was installed on the house where Pasternak was born.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=184558|title=Memorial plaque to Pasternak|author=Polina Yermolayeva|date=28 May 2008|publisher=vesti.ru|access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref>

In memory of the poet's three-time stay in [[Tula, Russia|Tula]], on 27 May 2005 a marble memorial plaque to Pasternak was installed on the Wörmann hotel's wall, as Pasternak was a [[Nobel Prize|Nobel laureate]] and dedicated several of his works to Tula.<ref>[http://www.tounb.ru/kp/news/Календарь_полный,2015.pdf Tula Region MEMORIES DATES 2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311085725/https://www.tounb.ru/kp/news/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9,2015.pdf |date=11 March 2022 }}. Tula. Aquarius (2014)</ref>

On 20 February 2008, in [[Kyiv]], a memorial plaque<ref name="jew">[http://jewishkiev.com.ua/novosti-fonda/v-kieve-ukrali-pamyatnye-tablichki-vladimiru-gorovitsu-i-borisu-pasternaku.html Vladimir Horowitz and Boris Pasternak's memorial plaques were stolen in Kyiv], jewishkiev.com.ua (13 November 2015).</ref> was put up on the house No.9 on Lipinsky Street, but seven years later it was stolen by vandals.<ref>Yaroslav Markin (16 November 2015) [https://vesti-ukr.com/kiev/123800-v-kieve In Kyiv unknown vandals started their hunting season]. vesti-ukr.com.</ref>

In 2012 a monument to Boris Pasternak was erected in the district center of [[Muchkapsky (urban locality)|Muchkapsky]] by Z. Tsereteli.

In 1990, as part of the series "Nobel Prize Winners",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/262674-Portrait_of_writer_BL_Pasternak_1890-1960-Nobel_Prize_Winners-Soviet_Union_USSR|title=Portrait of writer B.L. Pasternak (1890–1960)|publisher=Colnect.com|access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref> [[Soviet Union|the USSR]] and [[Sweden]] ("Nobel Prize Winners – Literature")<ref>{{cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/825732-Lagerkvist_Pasternak-Nobel_Prize_Winners_-_Literature-Sweden|title=Lagerkvist/Pasternak|publisher=Colnect.com|access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref> issued stamps depicting Boris Pasternak.

In 2015, as part of the series "125th Annive. of the Birth of Boris Pasternak, 1890–1960", [[Mozambique]] issued a [[miniature sheet]] depicting Boris Pasternak.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/800398-125th_Annive_of_the_Birth_of_Boris_Pasternak_1890-1960-125th_Annive_of_the_Birth_of_Boris_Pasternak_1890-1960-Mozambique|title=125th Annive. of the Birth of Boris Pasternak, 1890–1960|publisher=Colnect.com|access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref> Although this issue was acknowledged by the postal administration of Mozambique, the issue was not placed on sale in Mozambique, and was only distributed to the new issue trade by Mozambique's philatelic agent.

In 2015, as part of the series "125th Birth Anniversary of Boris Pasternak", [[Maldives]] issued a [[miniature sheet]] depicting Boris Pasternak.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/846311-125th_Birth_Anniversary_of_Boris_Pasternak-125th_Birth_Anniversary_of_Boris_Pasternak-Maldives|title=125th Birth Anniversary of Boris Pasternak|publisher=Colnect.com|access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref> The issue was acknowledged by the Maldive postal authorities, but only distributed by the Maldive philatelic agent for collecting purposes.

On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of B. Pasternak's Nobel Prize, the Principality of [[Monaco]] issued a postage stamp in his memory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chichkin.org/wellcome_to_chichkine/artikelnr/38|title=Postage stamp dedicated to Boris Pasternak|date=3 February 2009|publisher=chichkin.org|access-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904224416/http://www.chichkin.org/wellcome_to_chichkine/artikelnr/38|archive-date=4 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 27 January 2015, in honor of the poet's 125th birthday, the [[Russian Post]] issued an envelope with the original stamp.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stamppost.ru/news/125_let_so_dnja_rozhdenija_b_l_pasternaka/2015-01-31-382|title=The 125th Birth Anniversary of B.L.{{spaces}}Pasternak|publisher=stamppost.ru|access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref>

On 1 October 2015, a monument to Pasternak was erected in [[Chistopol]].{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}

On 10 February 2020, a celebration of the 130th birthday anniversary was held at [[Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy]] in Moscow.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ilawjournals.com/a-celebration-in-honor-of-the-130th-anniversary-of-pasternak-will-be-held-at-enea/ |title=A celebration in honor of the 130th anniversary of Pasternak will be held at ENEA |publisher=ilawjournals.com | first=Marcus |last=-Cloud |date=7 February 2020 |access-date=1 December 2011}}</ref>

On 10 February 2021, [[Google]] celebrated his 131st birthday with a [[Google Doodle]]. The Doodle was displayed in Russia, Sweden, some Middle Eastern countries and some Mediterranean countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://doodles.google/doodle/boris-pasternaks-131st-birthday/ |title=Boris Pasternak's 131st Birthday |website=Google |date=10 February 2021 }}</ref>

=== Cultural influence ===
[[File:Boris Pasternak 1921 by Yu Annenkov.jpg|thumb|Portrait by [[Yury Annenkov]], 1921]]
* A [[minor planet]] ([[3508 Pasternak]]) discovered by Soviet astronomer [[Lyudmila Georgievna Karachkina]] in 1980 is named after him.<ref>{{cite book| author = Lutz D. Schmadel| title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names| page = 294| edition = 5th| year = 2003| publisher = Springer Verlag| location = New York| isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3}}</ref>
* [[Russian-American]] singer and songwriter [[Regina Spektor]] recites a verse from "Black Spring", a 1912 poem by Pasternak in her song "Apres Moi" from her album ''[[Begin to Hope]]''.
*Russian-Dutch [[composer]] [[Fred Momotenko]] (Alfred Momotenko) wrote a companion composition to [[Sergej Rachmaninov]]'s [[All-Night Vigil]] [[Opus number|Op]] 37. based on the eponymous poem from the diptych [[Doktor Zhivago]] [http://www.alfredmomotenko.com/nastrastnoy/ ''Na Strastnoy'']

=== Adaptations ===
The first [[Doctor Zhivago (1965 film)|screen adaptation]] of ''Doctor Zhivago'', adapted by [[Robert Bolt]] and directed by [[David Lean]], appeared in 1965. The film, which toured in the [[Roadshow theatrical release|roadshow]] tradition, starred [[Omar Sharif]], [[Geraldine Chaplin]], and [[Julie Christie]]. Concentrating on the [[love triangle]] aspects of the novel, the film became a worldwide blockbuster, but was unavailable in Russia until [[perestroika]].

In 2002, the novel was adapted as a [[Doctor Zhivago (TV serial)|television miniseries]]. Directed by Giacomo Campiotti, the serial starred [[Hans Matheson]], [[Alexandra Maria Lara]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Sam Neill]].

The Russian TV version of 2006, directed by [[Aleksandr Proshkin]] and starring [[Oleg Menshikov]] as Zhivago, is considered {{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} more faithful to Pasternak's novel than David Lean's 1965 film.