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==References== {{Reflist}} === Cited literature === {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |ref=Amsler |author=Amsler, Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I-X-ijtoD9QC&pg=PA55 |title=The Languages of Creativity: Models, Problem-solving, Discourse |publisher=University of Delaware Press |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-87413-280-9 |access-date=2015-07-27 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028023637/https://books.google.com/books?id=I-X-ijtoD9QC&pg=PA55#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |ref=Astbury |doi=10.1038/1901124a0 |pmid=13684868 |title=Molecular Biology or Ultrastructural Biology ? |journal=Nature |volume=190 |issue=4781 |pages=1124 |year=1961 |last1=Astbury |first1=W.T. |bibcode=1961Natur.190.1124A |s2cid=4172248 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite book |ref=Ben |author=Ben-Menahem, Ari |title=Historical Encyclopedia of Natural and Mathematical Sciences |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9tUrarQYhKMC&pg=PA2982 |year=2009 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-68831-0 |page=2982 |bibcode=2009henm.book.....B }} * {{cite book |ref = Burton |author = Burton, Feldman |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xnckeeTICn0C&pg=PA206 |title = The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige |publisher = Arcade Publishing |year = 2001 |isbn = 978-1-55970-592-9 }} * {{cite book |ref=Butler |author=Butler, John M. |title=Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-OZeEmqzE4oC&pg=PA5 |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-096176-7 }} * {{cite journal |ref=Chandan |doi=10.1089/dna.2006.0567 |pmid=17465885 |title=MiRNA: Licensed to Kill the Messenger |journal=DNA and Cell Biology |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=193–194 |year=2007 |last1=Sen |first1=Chandan K. |last2=Roy |first2=Sashwati |s2cid=10665411 }} * {{cite book |ref=Clarence |author=Clarence, Peter Berg |title=The University of Iowa and Biochemistry from Their Beginnings |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XwQhAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1 |year=1980 |publisher=University of Iowa |isbn=978-0-87414-014-9 |access-date=2015-07-27 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028023637/https://books.google.com/books?id=XwQhAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1 |url-status=live }} * {{Cite journal |ref=Edwards |doi=10.1016/0022-2836(92)91059-x |pmid=1518049 |title=Molecular structure of the B-DNA dodecamer d(CGCAAATTTGCG)2 an examination of propeller twist and minor-groove water structure at 2·2Åresolution |journal=Journal of Molecular Biology |volume=226 |issue=4 |pages=1161–1173 |year=1992 |last1=Edwards |first1=Karen J. |last2=Brown |first2=David G. |last3=Spink |first3=Neil |last4=Skelly |first4=Jane V. |last5=Neidle |first5=Stephen }} * {{cite book |ref = Eldra |author1 = Eldra P. Solomon |author2 = Linda R. Berg |author3 = Diana W. Martin |title = Biology, 8th Edition, International Student Edition |publisher = Thomson Brooks/Cole |isbn = 978-0-495-31714-2 |url = http://www.slideshare.net/nicolledb05/biology-solomon-berg-martin-8th-edition |year = 2007 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064412/http://www.slideshare.net/nicolledb05/biology-solomon-berg-martin-8th-edition |archive-date = 2016-03-04 }} * {{cite journal |ref=Fariselli |doi=10.1093/bib/bbl032 |pmid=17003074 |title=The WWWH of remote homolog detection: The state of the art |journal=Briefings in Bioinformatics |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=78–87 |year=2006 |last1=Fariselli |first1=P. |last2=Rossi |first2=I. |last3=Capriotti |first3=E. |last4=Casadio |first4=R. |doi-access=free }} * {{cite book |ref=Fiske |last1=Fiske |first1=John |title=Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy Based on the Doctrines of Evolution, with Criticisms on the Positive Philosophy, Volume 1 |date=1890 |publisher=Houghton, Mifflin |location=Boston and New York |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bTgmlJNazxkC |access-date=16 February 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028023637/https://books.google.com/books?id=bTgmlJNazxkC |url-status=live }} * {{Cite book | ref=Finkel | last1=Finkel | first1=Richard | last2=Cubeddu | first2=Luigi | last3=Clark | first3=Michelle | year=2009 | title=Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology | edition=4th | publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | isbn=978-0-7817-7155-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4hG2gRhy7oC | access-date=2020-06-05 | archive-date=2023-10-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028023637/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4hG2gRhy7oC | url-status=live }} * {{cite book |ref=Krebs |author1=Krebs, Jocelyn E. |author2=Goldstein, Elliott S. |author3=Lewin, Benjamin |author4=Kilpatrick, Stephen T. |title=Essential Genes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FzBs_QgihRIC&pg=PA32 |year=2012 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers |isbn=978-1-4496-1265-8 }} * {{cite book |ref=Fromm |author1=Fromm, Herbert J. |author2=Hargrove, Mark |title=Essentials of Biochemistry |year=2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-19623-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2eXILOD0Yl8C&q=editions:ISBN3642196241 |access-date=2020-06-05 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028023638/https://books.google.com/books?id=2eXILOD0Yl8C&q=editions:ISBN3642196241 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |ref=Hamblin |author=Hamblin, Jacob Darwin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mpiZRAiE0JwC&pg=PA26 |title=Science in the Early Twentieth Century: An Encyclopedia |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-85109-665-7 |access-date=2015-07-27 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028023638/https://books.google.com/books?id=mpiZRAiE0JwC&pg=PA26 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |ref=Helvoort |author=Helvoort, Ton van |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fjhdAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA81 |title=Reader's Guide to the History of Science |editor=Arne Hessenbruch |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-884964-29-9 |access-date=2015-07-27 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028024114/https://books.google.com/books?id=fjhdAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA81#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |ref=Holmes |author=Holmes, Frederic Lawrence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MLY-x9a393QC&pg=PR15 |title=Lavoisier and the Chemistry of Life: An Exploration of Scientific Creativity |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-299-09984-8 |access-date=2015-07-27 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028024115/https://books.google.com/books?id=MLY-x9a393QC&pg=PR15#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |ref=Horton |editor=Horton, Derek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JQluAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA36 |title=Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry, Volume 70 |publisher=Academic Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-12-408112-3 |access-date=2015-07-27 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028024115/https://books.google.com/books?id=JQluAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA36#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |ref=Hunter |author=Hunter, Graeme K. |title=Vital Forces: The Discovery of the Molecular Basis of Life |year=2000 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-361811-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VdHV5ET4usoC |access-date=2020-06-05 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028024115/https://books.google.com/books?id=VdHV5ET4usoC |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |ref=Karp |author=Karp, Gerald |title=Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments |year=2009 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-48337-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=arRGYE0GxRQC }} * {{cite journal |ref=Kauffman |doi=10.1007/s00897010444a |title=Friedrich Wöhler (1800–1882), on the Bicentennial of His Birth |journal=The Chemical Educator |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=121–133 |year=2001 |last1=Kauffman |first1=George B. |last2=Chooljian |first2=Steven H. |s2cid=93425404 }} * {{cite book |ref=Kleinkauf |author1=Kleinkauf, Horst |author2=Döhren, Hans von |author3=Jaenicke Lothar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuzwshIlng4C&pg=PA116 |title=The Roots of Modern Biochemistry: Fritz Lippmann's Squiggle and its Consequences |page=116 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter & Co |year=1988 |isbn=978-3-11-085245-5 |access-date=2015-07-27 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028024115/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuzwshIlng4C&pg=PA116#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |ref=Knowles |doi=10.1146/annurev.bi.49.070180.004305 |pmid=6250450 |title=Enzyme-Catalyzed Phosphoryl Transfer Reactions |journal=Annual Review of Biochemistry |volume=49 |pages=877–919 |year=1980 |last1=Knowles |first1=J.R. |s2cid=7452392 }} * {{cite book |ref=Metzler |author1=Metzler, David Everett |author2=Metzler, Carol M. |title=Biochemistry: The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1R_a_D6SSJEC&pg=PA58 |year=2001 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-492540-3 }} * {{cite book |ref=Miller |author1=Miller G |author2=Spoolman Scott |title=Environmental Science – Biodiversity Is a Crucial Part of the Earth's Natural Capital |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYEJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62 |date=2012 |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |isbn=978-1-133-70787-5 |access-date=2016-01-04 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413194802/https://books.google.com/books?id=NYEJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |ref=Nielsen |author = Nielsen, Forrest H. |chapter = Ultratrace minerals |title=Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease |journal = <!-- -->|editor = Maurice E. Shils |display-editors=etal |location = Baltimore |publisher = Williams & Wilkins |year = 1999 |pages = 283–303 |hdl=10113/46493 }} * {{cite book |ref = Peet |author1 = Peet, Alisa |editor1 = Marks, Allan |editor2 = Lieberman Michael A. |title = Marks' Basic Medical Biochemistry (Lieberman, Marks's Basic Medical Biochemistry) |edition = 4th |isbn = 978-1-60831-572-7 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HHK7S7t47BEC |year = 2012 |publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |access-date = 2020-06-05 |archive-date = 2023-10-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231028024204/https://books.google.com/books?id=HHK7S7t47BEC |url-status = live }} * {{cite book |ref = Rayner |author1 = Rayner-Canham, Marelene F. |author2 = Rayner-Canham, Marelene |author3 = Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S_NJ7AubQIcC&pg=PA136 |title = Women in Chemistry: Their Changing Roles from Alchemical Times to the Mid-Twentieth Century |publisher = Chemical Heritage Foundation |year = 2005 |isbn = 978-0-941901-27-7 }} * {{cite journal |ref=Rojas |doi=10.3390/molecules16032672 |pmid=21441869 |pmc=6259834 |title=Challenges and Perspectives of Chemical Biology, a Successful Multidisciplinary Field of Natural Sciences |journal=Molecules |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=2672–2687 |year=2011 |last1=Rojas-Ruiz |first1=Fernando A. |last2=Vargas-Méndez |first2=Leonor Y. |last3=Kouznetsov |first3=Vladimir V. |doi-access=free }} * {{cite book | ref = Saenger | last = Saenger | first = Wolfram | title = Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = New York | year = 1984 | isbn = 978-0-387-90762-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0R3wAAAAMAAJ | access-date = 2020-06-05 | archive-date = 2023-10-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231028024625/https://books.google.com/books?id=0R3wAAAAMAAJ | url-status = live }} * {{cite book |ref=Slabaugh |author1=Slabaugh, Michael R. |author2=Seager, Spencer L. |title=Organic and Biochemistry for Today |publisher=Brooks Cole |location=Pacific Grove |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-133-60514-0 |edition=6th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-MBTrn3ZDQC |access-date=2020-06-05 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028024617/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-MBTrn3ZDQC |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |ref=Sherwood |author1=Sherwood, Lauralee |author2=Klandorf, Hillar |author3=Yancey, Paul H. |title=Animal Physiology: From Genes to Organisms |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I6X8G8YPdv4C&pg=PA558 |year=2012 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0-8400-6865-1 }} * {{cite book |ref=Stryer |vauthors=Stryer L, Berg JM, Tymoczko JL |title=Biochemistry |publisher=W.H. Freeman |location=San Francisco |edition=6th |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7167-8724-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/biochemistry0006berg |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |ref=Tropp |author=Tropp, Burton E. |title=Molecular Biology |edition=4th |year=2012 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning |isbn=978-1-4496-0091-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CCQYtlufUIAC |access-date=2020-06-05 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028024617/https://books.google.com/books?id=CCQYtlufUIAC |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |ref=UNICEF |author=UNICEF |title=Facts for life |date=2010 |publisher=United Nations Children's Fund |location=New York |isbn=978-92-806-4466-1 |edition=4th |url=http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Facts_for_Life_EN_010810.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Facts_for_Life_EN_010810.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |ref=Ulveling |doi=10.1016/j.biochi.2010.11.004 |pmid=21111023 |title=When one is better than two: RNA with dual functions |journal=Biochimie |volume=93 |issue=4 |pages=633–644 |year=2011 |last1=Ulveling |first1=Damien |last2=Francastel |first2=Claire |last3=Hubé |first3=Florent |s2cid=22165949 |url=https://hal-univ-diderot.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02127323/file/Ulveling%20Review%20revised.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://hal-univ-diderot.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02127323/file/Ulveling%20Review%20revised.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book | ref=Varki | vauthors=Varki A, Cummings R, Esko J, Jessica F, Hart G, Marth J | title=Essentials of glycobiology | publisher=Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | year=1999 | isbn=978-0-87969-560-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lH72FFWIIpgC | access-date=2020-06-05 | archive-date=2023-10-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028024617/https://books.google.com/books?id=lH72FFWIIpgC | url-status=live }} * {{cite book |ref=Voet |author1=Voet, D |author2=Voet, JG |year=2005 |title=Biochemistry |edition=3rd |publisher=John Wiley & Sons Inc. |location=Hoboken, NJ |url=http://www.chem.upenn.edu/chem/research/faculty.php?browse=V |isbn=978-0-471-19350-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911065858/http://www.chem.upenn.edu/chem/research/faculty.php?browse=V |archive-date=September 11, 2007 }} * {{Cite book |ref=Whiting |author=Whiting, G.C |year=1970 |chapter=Sugars |editor=A.C. Hulme |title=The Biochemistry of Fruits and their Products |volume=1 |place=London & New York |publisher=Academic Press |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYDwAAAAMAAJ |isbn=978-0-12-361201-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/biochemistryoffr0000hulm }} * {{cite book |ref=Ziesak |author1=Ziesak, Anne-Katrin |author2=Cram Hans-Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ulN4rKWA8c4C&pg=PA169 |title=Walter de Gruyter Publishers, 1749–1999 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter & Co |year=1999 |isbn=978-3-11-016741-2 |access-date=2015-07-27 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028024618/https://books.google.com/books?id=ulN4rKWA8c4C&pg=PA169 |url-status=live }} * {{cite news |last1=Ashcroft |first1=Steve |title=Professor Sir Philip Randle; Researcher into metabolism: [1st Edition] |newspaper=Independent |id={{ProQuest|311080685}} }} {{refend}}
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