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==References== ===Citations=== {{Reflist|30em}} ===Sources=== {{refbegin}} * {{citation |last=Arndt |first=W. |author2-last=Danker |author2-first=F.W. |author3-last=Bauer |author3-first=W. |date=2000 |ref={{harvid|Arndt & al.|2000}} |title=A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, ''3rd ed.'' |location=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press }} * {{citation |last=Ayali-Darshan |first=Noga |contribution=Baal, Son of Dagan: In Search of Baal's Double Paternity |contribution-url=https://www.academia.edu/44458724/Baal_Son_of_Dagan_In_Search_of_Baal_s_Double_Paternity_JAOS_133_2013_651_657 |title=Journal of the American Oriental Society, ''Vol. 133, No. 4'' |date=2013 |pages=651–657 }} * {{citation |last=Ayles |first=H.H.B. |title=A Critical Commentary on Genesis II.4-III.25 |location=Cambridge |publisher=J. & C.F. Clay for the Cambridge University Press |date=1904 }} * {{citation |last=Balz |first=Horst R. |author2-last=Schneider |author2-first=Gerhard |ref={{harvid|Balz & al.|2004}} |title=Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament |volume=I |location=Grand Rapids |publisher=translated from the German for Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-0802828033 |date=2004 }} * {{citation |last=Bruce |first=Frederick Fyvie |author-link=F.F. Bruce |contribution=Baal-Zebub, Beelzebul |editor-last=Marshall |editor-first=I. Howard |editor2-last=Millard |editor2-first=Alan R. |editor3-last=Packer |editor3-first=J.I. |editor4-last=Wiseman |editor4-first=Donald J. |title=New Bible Dictionary, ''3rd ed.'' |isbn=978-0830814398 |publisher=InterVarsity Press |location=Leicester |date=1996 |page=108 }} * {{citation |last=Collins |first=John J. |author-link=John J. Collins |title=Daniel: with an Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature |date=1984 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |location=Grand Rapids |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9r_Zs7T1nCMC |isbn=9780802800206 }} * {{citation |last=Cross |first=Frank Moore Jr. |author-link=Frank Moore Cross |date=1973 |title=Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic: Essays in the History of the Religion of Israel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJqwWRDOMgEC |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] |isbn=9780674030084 }} * {{citation |last=Day |first=John |author-link=John Day (Old Testament scholar) |title=Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uEgKAQAAMAAJ |publisher=Sheffield Academic Press |date=2000 |isbn=978-1850759867 }} * {{citation |last=De Moor |first=Johannes Cornelius |author2-last=Spronk |author2-first=Klaas |ref={{harvid|De Moor & al.|1987}} |date=1987 |title=A Cuneiform Anthology of Religious Texts from Ugarit: Autographed Texts and Glossaries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fu_Y5qnoCpAC |editor-last=Hoftijzer |editor-first=J. |editor2-last=Hospers |editor2-first=J.H. |location=Leiden |publisher=E.J. Brill (Semitic Studies Series №VI) |isbn=90-04-08331-6 }} * {{citation |editor-last=Easton |editor-first=Matthew George |editor-link=Matthew George Easton |title=Illustrated Bible Dictionary and Treasury of Biblical History, Biography, Geography, Doctrine, and Literature with Numerous Illustrations and Important Chronological Tables and Maps |url=https://archive.org/stream/illustratedbible00east#page/n7/mode/2up |location=New York |publisher=Harper & Bros. |date=1893 }} * {{citation |title=Britannica Encyclopedia of World Religions |editor-last=Frassetto |editor-first=Michael |date=2006 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |location=New York |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbibAAAAQBAJ |ref={{harvid|''BEWR''|2006}} |isbn=978-1-59339-491-2 }} * {{citation |editor-last=Freedman |editor-first=David Noel |title=The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary |volume=1 |location=New York |publisher=Doubleday |date=1992 |ref={{harvid|''AYBD''|1992}} |isbn=978-0300140019 }} * {{citation |last=Gibson |first=John Clark Love |date=1982 |title=Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions |volume=III: ''Phoenician Inscriptions'' |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780198131991 }} * {{citation |last=Halpern |first=Baruch |title=From Gods to God: The Dynamics of Iron Age Cosmologies |date=2009 |editor-last=Adams |editor-first=M.J. |location=Tübingen |publisher=Mohr Siebeck (Ser. Forschungen zum Alten Testament, No. 63) |isbn=978-3-16-149902-9 }} * {{citation |last=Herrmann |first=Wolfgang |contribution=Baal |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&q=Ba%27al |editor-last=Toorn |editor-first=Karel van der |editor-link=Karel van der Toorn |editor2-last=Becking |editor2-first=Bob |editor3-last=Horst |editor3-first=Pieter Willem van der |editor3-link=Pieter Willem van der Horst |title=Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, ''2nd ed.'' |location=Grand Rapids |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |date=1999a |pages=132–139 |title-link=Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible }} * {{citation |last=Herrmann |first=Wolfgang |contribution=Baal Zebub |editor-last=Toorn |editor-first=Karel van der |editor-link=Karel van der Toorn |editor2-last=Becking |editor2-first=Bob |editor3-last=Horst |editor3-first=Pieter Willem van der |editor3-link=Pieter Willem van der Horst |title=Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, ''2nd ed.'' |location=Grand Rapids |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |date=1999b |page=154 |title-link=Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible }} * {{citation |last=Huss |first=Werner |title=Geschichte der Karthager |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NvEK7kc3qnQC |publisher=C.H. Beck |location=Munich |date=1985 |isbn=9783406306549 }}. {{in lang|de}} * {{citation |last=Kane |first=Thomas Leiper |title=Amharic–English Dictionary |volume=I |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6tnix8o0mwC |location=Weisbaden |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |date=1990 |isbn=978-3-447-02871-4 }} * {{cite Jewish Encyclopedia |mode=cs2 |last=Kohler |first=Kaufmann |author-link=Kaufmann Kohler |url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2732-beelzebub |title=Beelzebub or Beelzebul |volume=II |pages=629–630}} *{{citation |last=Kelle |first=Brad E. |year=2005 |title=Hosea 2: Metaphor and Rhetoric in Historical Perspective |publisher=Society of Biblical Lit |page=137}} * {{cite book |last1=Kramer |first1=Samuel Noah |title=Studies in Literature from the Ancient Near East: Dedicated to Samuel Noah Kramer |date=1984 |publisher=American Oriental Society |isbn=978-0-940490-65-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d9sNAAAAYAAJ |language=en}} * {{citation |last=Lancel |first=Serge |author-link=Serge Lancel |title=Carthage: A History |date=1995 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell, translated from the French by Antonia Nevill |isbn=978-1557864680 }} * {{citation |last=Lipiński |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Lipinski (orientalist) |title=Dictionnaire de la civilisation phenicienne et punique ''[''Dictionary of the Phoenician and Punic Civilization'']'' |date=1992 |publisher=Brepols |isbn=2-503-50033-1 |language=fr}} * {{citation |last=Lipiński |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Lipinski (orientalist) |title=Studies in Aramaic Inscriptions and Onomastics, ''Vol. II'' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra0QmH4np4kC |series=''Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta'', Vol. 57 |date=1994 |location=Leuven |publisher=Orientaliste for Peeters Publishers |isbn=90-6831-610-9 }} * {{citation |last=Lurker |first=Manfred |title=Lexicon der Götter und Dämonen |trans-title=Dictionary of Gods and Demons |date=1984 |location=Stuttgart |publisher=Alfred Krämer Verlag |ref={{harvid|Lurker|1987}} }}, translated from the German for Routledge in 1987 as ''The Routledge Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons'' * {{citation |last=McIntosh |first=Duncan |contribution=Baal-Zebub |title=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, ''Rev. ed.'' |volume=I |editor-last=Bromiley |editor-first=Geoffrey W. |editor-link=Geoffrey W. Bromiley |location=Grand Rapids |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |date=1989 |page=381 |title-link=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia }} * {{citation |last=Miller |first=Patrick |date=2000 |title=Israelite Religion and Biblical Theology: Collected Essays |publisher=Continuum Int'l Publishing Group |isbn=1-84127-142-X }} * {{citation |last=Moscati |first=Sabatino |author-link=Sabatino Moscati |date=2001 |title=The Phoenicians |publisher=Tauris |isbn=1-85043-533-2 }} * {{citation |editor-last=Olmo Lete |editor-first=Gregorio del |editor2-last=Sanmartin |editor2-first=Joaquin |editor3-last=Watson |editor3-first=Wilfred G.E. |title=Diccionario de la Lengua Ugarítica, ''3rd ed.'' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bh6oBgAAQBAJ |date=2015 |location=Leiden |publisher=translated from the Spanish for E.J. Brill as A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (Ser. Handbuch der Orientalistik [Handbook of Oriental Studies], Vol. 112) |isbn=978-90-04-28864-5 |ref={{harvid|''DULAT''|2015}} }} * {{cite EJ |last=Pope |first=Marvin H. |title=Baal Worship |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0003_0_01786.html |volume=3}} * {{citation |last=Schniedewind |first=William |author2-last=Hunt |author2-first=Joel |ref={{harvid|Schniedewind & al.|2007}} |date=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L2T_4KVwpTQC |title=A Primer on Ugaritic: Language, Culture, and Literature |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=[[Cambridge, England|Cambridge]] |isbn=978-1139466981 }} * {{citation |last=Smith |first=Mark S. |author-link=Mark S. Smith |title=The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel |location=Grand Rapids |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |date=2002 }} * {{citation |last=Smith |first=William Robertson |author-link=W. Robertson Smith |author2-last=Moore |author2-first=George Foot |author2-link=George Foot Moore |contribution=Baal |contribution-url=https://archive.org/stream/Encyclopaedia_Biblica_Vol_I_to_IV/EncyclodaediaBiblica_Vol_I#page/n231/mode/2up |title=Encyclopædia Biblica |volume=I |editor-last=Cheyne |editor-first=Thomas Keith |editor2-last=Black |editor2-first=John Sutherland |location=New York |date=1899 |publisher=Macmillan |ref={{harvid|Smith & al.|1899}} |pages=401–403 |title-link=Encyclopædia Biblica }} * {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |last=Smith |first=William Robertson |author-link=W. Robertson Smith |wstitle=Baal |volume=3 |pages=175–176}} * {{citation |last=Souvay |first=Charles |contribution=Baal, Baalim |contribution-url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02175a.htm |title=Catholic Encyclopedia |volume=II |location=New York |publisher=Robert Appleton Co. |date=1907 |title-link=Catholic Encyclopedia }} * {{citation |last=Strong |first=James |author-link=James Strong (theologian) |title=The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible |location=Cincinnati |publisher=Jennings & Graham |date=1890 |title-link=Strong's Concordance }} * {{citation |editor-last=Tenney |editor-first=Merrill C. |editor2-last=Barabas |editor2-first=Stevan<!--sic--> |editor3-last=DeVisser |editor3-first=Peter |date=1963 |publisher=Zondervan Publishing House |location=Grand Rapids |isbn=978-0310235606 |title=The Zondervan Pictorial Bible Dictionary |ref={{harvid|''ZPBD''|1963}} }} * {{citation |last=Uehlinger |first=C. |contribution=Leviathan |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&pg=PA511 |editor-last=Toorn |editor-first=Karel van der |editor-link=Karel van der Toorn |editor2-last=Becking |editor2-first=Bob |editor3-last=Horst |editor3-first=Pieter Willem van der |editor3-link=Pieter Willem van der Horst |title=Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, ''2nd ed.'' |location=Grand Rapids |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |date=1999 |pages=511–515 |title-link=Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible }} * {{Citation |last=Walbank |first=Frank William |author-link=F. W. Walbank |date=1979 |title=A Historical Commentary on Polybius |volume=2 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford }} * {{citation |last=Wehr |first=Hans |author2-last=Cowan |author2-first=J. Milton |ref={{harvid|Wehr & al.|1976}} |publisher=Spoken Language Services|isbn=0879500018 |title=A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic |location=[[Ithaca, New York|Ithaca]] |date=1976 }} * {{citation |last=Wex |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Wex |title=Born to Kvetch |location=New York |publisher=St Martin's Press |date=2005 |isbn=0-312-30741-1 |title-link=Born to Kvetch }} * {{citation |last=Xella |first=Paolo |author2-last=Quinn |author2-first=Josephine |author3-first=Valentina |author3-last=Melchiorri |author4-first=Peter |author4-last=Van Domellen |contribution=Cemetery or sacrifice? Infant burials at the Carthage Tophet: Phoenician bones of contention |contribution-url = https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/cemetery-or-sacrifice-infant-burials-at-the-carthage-tophet/DAC7C386CD20F5C280C9DB41E5184A2E |title=Antiquity, ''Vol. 87, No. 338'' |date=2013 |pages=1199–1207}} {{refend}}
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