Editing Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (section)

====Diagnostic and Statistical Manual====
As with many other psychiatric disorders, a formal diagnosis should be made by a qualified professional based on a set number of criteria. In the United States, these criteria are defined by the [[American Psychiatric Association]] in the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM]]. Based on the DSM-5 criteria published in 2013 and the DSM-5-TR criteria published in 2022, there are three presentations of ADHD:

# ADHD, predominantly inattentive presentation, presents with symptoms including being easily distracted, forgetful, daydreaming, disorganisation, poor sustained attention, and difficulty completing tasks.
# ADHD, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation, presents with excessive fidgeting and restlessness, hyperactivity, and difficulty waiting and remaining seated.
# ADHD, combined presentation, is a combination of the first two presentations.

This subdivision is based on presence of at least six (in children) or five (in older teenagers and adults)<ref>{{cite web |title=Adult ADHD: Diagnosis |url=https://www.camh.ca/en/professionals/treating-conditions-and-disorders/adult-adhd/adult-adhd---diagnosis |access-date=17 April 2022 |website=CAMH |archive-date=21 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621130901/https://www.camh.ca/en/professionals/treating-conditions-and-disorders/adult-adhd/adult-adhd---diagnosis |url-status=live }}</ref> out of nine long-term (lasting at least six months) symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity–impulsivity, or both.<ref name="DSM5" /><ref name="DSM5TR" /> To be considered, several symptoms must have appeared by the age of six to twelve and occur in more than one environment (e.g. at home and at school or work). The symptoms must be inappropriate for a child of that age<ref name="pmid21991721">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berger I |title=Diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: much ado about something |journal=[[Israel Medical Association Journal]] |volume=13 |issue=9 |pages=571–574 |date=September 2011 |pmid=21991721 |url=http://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/40/20032.pdf |access-date=23 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728130553/https://www.ima.org.il/filesupload/imaj/0/40/20032.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2020}}</ref> and there must be clear evidence that they are causing impairment in multiple domains of life.<ref name="pmid23755024">{{cite journal |vauthors=Steinau S |title=Diagnostic Criteria in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Changes in DSM 5 |journal=[[Frontiers in Psychiatry]] |volume=4 |page=49 |year=2013 |pmid=23755024 |pmc=3667245 |doi=10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00049 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

The DSM-5 and the DSM-5-TR also provide two diagnoses for individuals who have symptoms of ADHD but do not entirely meet the requirements. ''Other Specified ADHD'' allows the clinician to describe why the individual does not meet the criteria, whereas ''Unspecified ADHD'' is used where the clinician chooses not to describe the reason.<ref name="DSM5" /><ref name="DSM5TR" />