Editing Arkansas (section)

===Race and ethnicity===
Per the 2019 census estimates, Arkansas was 72.0% non-Hispanic white, 15.4% Black or African American, 0.5% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.5% Asian, 0.4% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 0.1% some other race, 2.4% two or more races, and 7.7% Hispanic or Latin American of any race.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 Census Data for Races and Ethnicities|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0400000US05&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05&hidePreview=true|access-date=2021-06-03|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> In 2011, the state was 80.1% white (74.2% [[non-Hispanic white]]), 15.6% Black or [[African American]], 0.9% [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] and [[Alaska Native]], 1.3% [[Asian ethnicity|Asian]], and 1.8% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanics]] or Latinos of any race made up 6.6% of the population.<ref name=census>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/05000.html |title=Arkansas QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=December 13, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104031416/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/05000.html |archive-date=January 4, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of 2011, 39.0% of Arkansas's population younger than age{{spaces}}1 were minorities.<ref>{{cite news|last=Exner|first=Rich|url=https://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html|title=Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot|date=June 3, 2012|work=[[The Plain Dealer]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Ethnic composition as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]
|-
! Race and ethnicity<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census
 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 12, 2021 |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=2021-09-26}}</ref>
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Alone
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|68.5|%|2||background:gray}}
|align=right| {{bartable|73.2|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| [[African Americans|African American (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|14.9|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|align=right| {{bartable|16.2|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]{{efn|Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.}}
|align=right| {{bartable}}
|align=right| {{bartable|8.5|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
|align=right| {{bartable|1.7|%|2||background:purple}}
|align=right| {{bartable|2.2|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.7|%|2||background:gold}}
|align=right| {{bartable|3.4|%|2||background:gold}}
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.5|%|2||background:pink}}
|align=right| {{bartable|0.6|%|2||background:pink}}
|-
| Other
|align=right| {{bartable|0.3|%|2||background:brown}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.1|%|2||background:brown}}
|}
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Arkansas.png|thumb|330x330px|Ethnic origins in Arkansas]]
[[File:Arkansas counties by race.svg|thumb|187x187px|Map of counties in Arkansas by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census{{Collapsible list
| title = Legend|{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}

'''Non-Hispanic White'''

{{legend|#dd7e6b|40–50%}}

{{legend|#cc4125|50–60%}}

{{legend|#a61c00|60–70%}}

{{legend|#85200c|70–80%}}

{{legend|#5b0f00|80–90%}}

{{legend|#410b00|90%+}}

{{col-2}}

'''Black or African American'''

{{legend|#ffe599|40–50%}}

{{legend|#ffd966|50–60%}}

{{legend|#f1c232|60–70%}}

{{col-end}}
}}]]
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ '''Arkansas Racial Breakdown of Population'''
|-
! Racial composition !! 1990<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html|url-status=dead|title=Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States|archivedate=July 25, 2008|access-date=April 17, 2021}}</ref> !! 2000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusviewer.com/state/AR|title=Population of Arkansas—Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts—CensusViewer|website=Censusviewer.com|access-date=January 6, 2014|archive-date=January 27, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127074230/http://censusviewer.com/state/AR|url-status=dead}}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census by Decades|newspaper=Census.gov|access-date=April 17, 2021}}</ref>!! 2020<ref name="2020DP1">{{Cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?g=040XX00US05 |title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2020 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Arkansas |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=April 2, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[White American|White]] || 82.7% || 80.0% || 77.0% || 70.2% 
|-
| [[African American]] || 15.9% || 15.7% || 15.4% || 15.1% 
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] || 0.5% || 0.8% || 1.2% || 1.7% 
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native]] || 0.5% || 0.7% || 0.8% || 0.9% 
|-
| [[Native Hawaiian]] and{{break}}[[Pacific Islander|other Pacific Islander]] || – || 0.1% || 0.2% || 0.5% 
|-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Other race]] || 0.3% || 1.5% || 3.4% || 4.5% 
|-
| [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]] || – || 1.3% || 2.0% || 7.1% 
|}

European Americans have a strong presence in the northwestern [[Ozarks]] and the central part of the state. African Americans live mainly in the southern and eastern parts of the state. Arkansans of Irish, English and German ancestry are mostly found in the far northwestern Ozarks near the Missouri border. Ancestors of the Irish in the Ozarks were chiefly [[Ulster Scots people|Scots-Irish]], Protestants from [[Northern Ireland]], the [[Scotland|Scottish]] lowlands and northern England part of the largest group of immigrants from [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] and [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]] before the American Revolution. [[English American|English]] and [[Scots-Irish American|Scots-Irish]] immigrants settled throughout the back country of the South and in the more mountainous areas. Americans of [[English American|English]] stock are found throughout the state.<ref>[[David Hackett Fischer]], ''[[Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America]]'', New York: Oxford University Press, 1989, pp.633–639</ref>

A 2010 survey of the principal ancestries of Arkansas's residents revealed the following:<ref>{{cite web |author= American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau |url= http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_CP02&prodType=table |archive-url= https://archive.today/20200212213806/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_CP02&prodType=table |url-status= dead |archive-date= February 12, 2020 |title= Arkansas—Selected Social Characteristics in the United States |year= 2010 |publisher= [[American Community Survey]] |access-date= July 4, 2012 }}</ref> 15.5% [[African American]], 12.3% [[Irish American|Irish]], 11.5% [[German Americans|German]], 11.0% [[American ethnicity|American]], 10.1% [[English American|English]], 4.7% [[Mexican American|Mexican]], 2.1% [[French American|French]], 1.7% [[Scottish American|Scottish]], 1.7% [[Dutch American|Dutch]], 1.6% [[Italian American|Italian]], and 1.4% [[Scots-Irish American|Scots-Irish]].

Most people identifying as "American" are of English descent or Scots-Irish descent. Their families have been in the state so long, in many cases since before statehood, that they choose to identify simply as having American ancestry or do not in fact know their ancestry. Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original 13 colonies and for this reason many of them today simply claim American ancestry. Many people who identify as of Irish descent are in fact of Scots-Irish descent.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&dq=Sharing+the+dream:+white+males+in+multicultural+America++english+ancestry&pg=PA57 Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America] By Dominic J. Pulera.</ref><ref>Reynolds Farley, 'The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?', ''Demography'', Vol. 28, No. 3 (August 1991), pp. 414, 421.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Lawrence Santi, 'The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns', ''Social Science Research'', Vol. 14, No. 1 (1985), pp. 44–6.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, 'Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites', ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', Vol. 487, No. 79 (September 1986), pp. 82–86.</ref>

According to the American Immigration Council, in 2015, the top countries of origin for Arkansas' immigrants were Mexico, El Salvador, India, Vietnam, and Guatemala.<ref>(2017). ''Immigrants in Arkansas.'' American Immigrant Council. https://www.immigrationresearch.org/system/files/immigrants_in_arkansas.pdf</ref>

According to the 2006–2008 American Community Survey, 93.8% of Arkansas's population (over the age of five) spoke only English at home. About 4.5% of the state's population spoke Spanish at home. About 0.7% of the state's population spoke another [[Indo-European language]]. About 0.8% of the state's population spoke an [[Languages of Asia|Asian language]], and 0.2% spoke other languages.{{clarify|post-text=dubious|reason=At least a quarter of the Indo-European languages are in Asia|date=March 2017}}