Editing Apollo 16 (section)

== Scientific results and aftermath ==
Scientific analysis of the rocks brought back to Earth confirmed that the Cayley Formation was not volcanic in nature. There was less certainty regarding the Descartes Formation, as it was not clear which if any of the rocks came from there. There was no evidence that showed that Stone Mountain was volcanic. One reason why Descartes had been selected was that it was visually different from previous Apollo landing sites, but rocks from there proved to be closely related to those from the [[Fra Mauro Formation]], Apollo 14's landing site. Geologists realized that they had been so certain that Cayley was volcanic, they had not been open to dissenting views, and that they had been over-reliant on analogues from Earth, a flawed model because the Moon does not share much of the Earth's geologic history. They concluded that there are few if any volcanic mountains on the Moon. These conclusions were informed by observations from Mattingly, the first CMP to use binoculars in his observations, who had seen that from the perspective of lunar orbit, there was nothing distinctive about the Descartes Formation—it fit right in with the Mare Imbrium structure. Other results gained from Apollo 16 included the discovery of two new auroral belts around Earth.{{sfn|Orloff & Harland 2006|pp=483–484}}

After the mission, Young and Duke served as backups for [[Apollo 17]],{{sfn|Orloff & Harland 2006|pp=507–508}} and Duke retired from NASA in December 1975.<ref name = "duke bio">{{cite web|publisher=[[NASA]]|title=Biographical Data Charles Moss Duke, Jr.|url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/duke_charles.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/duke_charles.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|access-date=September 20, 2021|date=December 1994}}</ref> Young and Mattingly both flew the [[Space Shuttle]]: Young, who served as [[Chief Astronaut]] from 1974 to 1987, commanded the first Space Shuttle mission, [[STS-1]] in 1981, as well as [[STS-9]] in 1983, on the latter mission becoming the first person to journey into space six times. He retired from NASA in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[NASA]]|title=Biographical Data: John W. Young|url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/young_john.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/young_john.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|access-date=September 20, 2021|date=December 2018}}</ref> Mattingly also twice commanded Shuttle missions, [[STS-4]] (1982) and [[STS-51-C]] (1985), before retiring from NASA in 1985.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biographical Data: Thomas K. Mattingly II|url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/mattingly_thomas.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/mattingly_thomas.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|access-date=September 20, 2021|publisher=[[NASA]]|date=January 1987}}</ref>