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==== At the hospital level ==== [[Antimicrobial stewardship]] teams in hospitals are encouraging optimal use of antimicrobials.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Doron S, Davidson LE | title = Antimicrobial stewardship | journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings | volume = 86 | issue = 11 | pages = 1113β23 | date = November 2011 | pmid = 22033257 | pmc = 3203003 | doi = 10.4065/mcp.2011.0358}}</ref> The goals of antimicrobial stewardship are to help practitioners pick the right drug at the right dose and duration of therapy while preventing misuse and minimizing the development of resistance. Stewardship interventions may reduce the length of stay by an average of slightly over 1 day while not increasing the risk of death.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Davey P, Marwick CA, Scott CL, Charani E, McNeil K, Brown E, Gould IM, Ramsay CR, Michie S | title = Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2017 | pages = CD003543 | date = February 2017 | issue = 2 | pmid = 28178770 | pmc = 6464541 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.cd003543.pub4}}</ref> Dispensing, to discharged in-house patients, the exact number of antibiotic pharmaceutical units necessary to complete an ongoing treatment can reduce antibiotic leftovers within the community as community pharmacies can have antibiotic package inefficiencies.<ref name="LP">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Costa T, Pimentel AC, Mota-Vieira L, Castanha AC |date=2021-05-01 |title=The benefits of a unit dose system in oral antibiotics dispensing: Azorean hospital pharmacists tackling the socioeconomic problem of leftovers in Portugal |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40267-021-00825-2 |journal=Drugs & Therapy Perspectives |language=en |volume=37 |issue=5 |pages=212β221 |doi=10.1007/s40267-021-00825-2 |issn=1179-1977}}</ref>
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