Editing Amsterdam (section)

===Expansion===
{{Main|Expansion of Amsterdam since the 19th century}}
[[File:Brug 127 in de Lijnbaansgracht over de Egelantiersgracht foto 4.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Egelantiersgracht]] lies west of the [[Grachtengordel]], in the [[Jordaan]] neighbourhood.]]
After the development of Amsterdam's canals in the 17th century, the city did not grow beyond its borders for two centuries. During the 19th century, [[Samuel Sarphati]] devised a plan based on the grandeur of Paris and London at that time. The plan envisaged the construction of new houses, public buildings, and streets just outside the [[Grachtengordel (Amsterdam)|Grachtengordel]]. The main aim of the plan, however, was to improve public health. Although the plan did not expand the city, it did produce some of the largest public buildings to date, like the ''Paleis voor Volksvlijt''.<ref name="joodsmuseum">{{Cite web |title=Samuel Sarphati |url=http://www.jhm.nl/personen.aspx?naam=Sarphati%2C%20Samuel |access-date=5 June 2008 |publisher=Joods Historisch Museum Amsterdam |language=nl}}</ref><ref name="zgsarphati">{{Cite web |title=Sarphatihuis |url=https://www.amsta.nl/locaties/dr-sarphatihuis |access-date=30 May 2023 |publisher=Amsta |language=nl}}</ref><ref name="jlgsarphati">{{Cite web |title=Samuel Sarphati |url=http://www.jlgrealestate.com/Samuel_Sarphati/Sarphatipark/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805203131/http://www.jlgrealestate.com/Samuel_Sarphati/Sarphatipark/ |archive-date=5 August 2009 |access-date=5 June 2008 |publisher=JLG Real Estate |language=nl}}</ref>

Following Sarphati, civil engineers Jacobus van Niftrik and Jan Kalff designed an entire ring of 19th-century neighbourhoods surrounding the city's centre, with the city preserving the ownership of all land outside the 17th-century limit, thus firmly controlling development.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Van Niftrik's plan at the Amsterdam City Archives |url=http://stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl/english/amsterdam_treasures/maps/plan_van_niftrik/index.en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724143743/http://stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl/english/amsterdam_treasures/maps/plan_van_niftrik/index.en.html |archive-date=24 July 2011 |access-date=10 October 2010 |publisher=Stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl}}</ref> Most of these neighbourhoods became home to the working class.<ref name="oudzuid">{{Cite web |title=Amsterdam Oud-Zuid |url=http://www.bmz.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/oudzuid/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113182449/http://www.bmz.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/oudzuid/index.html |archive-date=13 January 2008 |access-date=5 June 2008 |publisher=BMZ |language=nl}}</ref>

In response to overcrowding, two plans were designed at the beginning of the 20th century which were very different from anything Amsterdam had ever seen before: ''Plan Zuid'' (designed by the architect [[Hendrik Petrus Berlage|Berlage]]) and ''West''. These plans involved the development of new neighbourhoods consisting of housing blocks for all social classes.<ref name="archiefberlage">{{Cite web |title=Berlage's Expansion Plan |url=http://stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl/english/amsterdam_treasures/planning/uitbreidingsplan_berlage/index.en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130112133013/http://stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl/english/amsterdam_treasures/planning/uitbreidingsplan_berlage/index.en.html |archive-date=12 January 2013 |access-date=5 June 2008 |publisher=Stadsarchief Amsterdam}}</ref><ref name="bmzberlage">{{Cite web |title=Plan-Berlage |url=http://www.bmz.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/intro/topo7.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514181847/http://www.bmz.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/intro/topo7.html |archive-date=14 May 2006 |access-date=5 June 2008 |publisher=Bureau Monumentenzorg Amsterdam |language=nl}}</ref>

After the Second World War, large new neighbourhoods were built in the western, southeastern, and northern parts of the city. These new neighbourhoods were built to relieve the city's shortage of living space and give people affordable houses with modern conveniences. The neighbourhoods consisted mainly of large housing blocks located among green spaces, connected to wide roads, making the neighbourhoods easily accessible by [[Car|motor car]]. The western suburbs which were built in that period are collectively called the Westelijke Tuinsteden. The area to the southeast of the city built during the same period is known as the [[Bijlmermeer|Bijlmer]].<ref name="bijlmer">{{Cite web |title=Westelijke Tuinsteden |url=http://www.ymere.nl/ymere/template.asp?mnid=1&subid=35&cntid=119 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050220211611/http://www.ymere.nl/ymere/template.asp?mnid=1&subid=35&cntid=119 |archive-date=20 February 2005 |access-date=5 June 2008 |publisher=Ymere |language=nl}}</ref><ref name="westelijketuinsteden">{{Cite web |title=Ontwerp Westelijke Tuinsteden |url=http://www.archex.info/nederlands/nederland/amsterdam_westelijke_tuinsteden.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611221726/http://www.archex.info/nederlands/nederland/amsterdam_westelijke_tuinsteden.html |archive-date=11 June 2008 |access-date=5 June 2008 |publisher=Archex.info |language=nl}}</ref>