Editing Almaty (section)

==Culture==
Almaty is largely considered to be the heart and soul of Kazakhstan's classical and popular cultures.<ref name="alaheart">{{cite web |title=Almaty Arts & Culture |url=https://www.edgekz.com/what-to-do/almaty/arts-culture/ |website=edgekz |access-date=25 May 2020 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026051833/https://www.edgekz.com/what-to-do/almaty/arts-culture/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The Almaty Region and the city itself have a distinct character and pace compared to other regions and cities in Kazakhstan. Contemporary Almaty has a more European character due to more cafes and restaurants with outdoor seating and public green space.<ref name="contemporaryala">{{cite news |title=Almaty: An Emerging Destination For Global Travelers and a Center of Culture For Locals |agency=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/stephanrabimov/2018/07/18/almaty-emerging-destination-for-global-travelers-and-a-center-of-culture-for-locals/#718bbdd82b8e |access-date=25 May 2020 |archive-date=25 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725035249/https://www.forbes.com/sites/stephanrabimov/2018/07/18/almaty-emerging-destination-for-global-travelers-and-a-center-of-culture-for-locals/#718bbdd82b8e |url-status=live}}</ref> Almaty is the historical and contemporary capital of intellectualism in Kazakhstan as a product of Almaty's location along the ancient Silk Road, and because many Russian intellectuals were exiled to the region.<ref name="kulug">{{cite journal |last1=Abdrakhmanova |first1=K.K. |title=The scientific and creative intelligence of Karlag: the historiographical aspect |url=http://rep.ksu.kz//handle/data/9694 |website=Karaganda State University Repository |date=30 January 2020 |publisher=Karaganda State University |access-date=26 May 2020 |archive-date=25 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725040144/http://rep.ksu.kz//handle/data/9694 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Abay Opera House|Abai Kazakh State Opera and Ballet Theatre]] has anchored the city's theater scene since 1934 and was founded around a community of local performance artists.<ref name="gatob">{{cite web |title=Kazakh State Academic Theater named after Abay |url=http://www.gatob.kz/o-teatre/istoriya-teatra/ |website=gatob.kz |publisher=Kazakh State Academic Theater |access-date=26 May 2020 |archive-date=26 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526160946/http://gatob.kz/o-teatre/istoriya-teatra/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[A. Kasteyev State Museum of Arts|Kasteyev State Museum of Arts]] was founded in 1935, is the largest museum in Kazakhstan, and has the largest collection of artworks by Kazakh classic and contemporary artists.<ref name="kasteyev_museo">{{cite web |title=A. Kasteyev State Museum of Arts |url=https://www.gmirk.kz/en/ |website=gmirk.kz |access-date=26 May 2020 |archive-date=30 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430193742/http://www.gmirk.kz/en/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The wild apple ''[[Malus sieversii]]'' is generally accepted as having first emerged in the Almaty area, and it significantly figures in Almaty's culture.<ref name="aport">{{cite news |title=I Went to the Fatherland of All Modern Apples |publisher=VICE |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/i-went-to-the-fatherland-of-all-modern-apples/ |access-date=25 May 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726163110/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/qkx9yb/i-went-to-the-fatherland-of-all-modern-apples |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Theaters ===
[[File:Abai Theatre.jpg|thumb|273x273px|[[Abay Opera House]]]]
Theatrical art began to develop in the city of Verny a few years after the construction of the Russian fort. On 21 November 1872, the Society of Dramatic Art Lovers staged the first production in the city: [[Alexander Ostrovsky|A. N. Ostrovsky]]'s play, "[[Stay in Your Own Sled]]". Later, plays were performed at public, military, and commercial gatherings. An abridgement of [[Mikhail Glinka|Glinka]]'s opera "A Life for the Tsar" was the first opera staged in the city, by the Kolpakovsky three-year city school on 23 February 1913 at the Commercial Assembly, to commemorate the [[Romanov Tercentenary|tercentenary of the Romanov dynasty]].

The flowering of theatrical art in the city began during the Soviet period of Alma-Ata, resulting from the transfer of the capital of the [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]] from [[Kyzylorda]] to Alma-Ata. Thus, the Kazakh Drama Theater, the first Kazakh professional theater, moved to the city. In the 1930s, the Opera and Ballet Theater (1934) and the Puppet Theater (1935) were established in the city. Also, theater companies founded in different cities of the republic began to move to the capital: the [[Lermontov Russian Drama Theatre|Russian Drama Theater]] (moved from [[Semipalatinsk]] in 1934), the Uyghur Musical Comedy Theater (from Chilik, 1962), the [[Korean Theatre of Kazakhstan|Korean Musical Comedy Theater]] (from Kyzylorda, 1968), and the German Drama Theater (from Temirtau, 1989).

After Kazakhstan regained independence in 1991, a large number of new independent theaters appeared in the city. Often these are modern youth concert venues created by enthusiasts. They face funding problems, as maintaining a permanent theater company is costly.

=== Museums ===
[[File:Museum of Folk Instruments, Almaty.jpg|left|thumb|246x246px|[[Kazakh Museum of Folk Musical Instruments]]]]
A significant contribution to the study of the history of culture, ethnography of southern Kazakhs in the late 19th–20th centuries was made by Turkestan scientists and local historians, united around the scientific societies and cultural and educational institutions of [[Tashkent]]. In 1874, from the private collections of travelers who visited Semirechye with a scientific and regional purpose and with the help of the local intelligentsia, a museum was first created in the city of Verny, which was later transformed into a village museum of the Semirechye Cossack Host. This date is the day of the foundation of the first museum in Semirechye. The foundation of the A. Kasteev Museum of Arts was laid by the Kazakh State Art Gallery named after T.G. Shevchenko, founded in 1935. Its main tasks were to collect the best works of Kazakh artists and organize their creative business trips.

[[File:Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan.jpg|thumb|246x246px|[[Central State Museum of Kazakhstan]]]]
In 1936, museums in [[Moscow]] and [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]] (now St. Petersburg) donated a significant number of paintings, graphics, sculpture and applied art to the gallery. By the end of the 1950s, the gallery's funds numbered over 5,000 exhibits, including paintings, reproductions of works by pre-revolutionary and Soviet artists, Western European and Eastern masters of art. In the 1970s and 1980s, new buildings were built for existing museums, and new thematic museums were opened: books, musical instruments, archeology, and others. A significant contribution to the development of the museum business was the opening of the Museum of the History of Almaty, which created an association of museums in the city of Almaty and the state institution "Gylym Ordasy", which united 4 museums, which allows to systematize scientific work.

=== Cinemas ===
The first film screening in the city of Verny took place in 1900, when the physicist K.O. Krause arrived in the city. On it, hand-painted glass transparencies were demonstrated with the help of an overhead projector. The film show took place on 25 January in the Pushkin Garden. In January 1911, the building of the first private cinema "Twentieth Century" was opened at the intersection of Pushkin and Gogol streets, which belonged to the entrepreneur A. R. Seifullin. For the demonstration of films, the cinema was equipped with the first power plant in the history of the city, produced by the British company "Petter", with 14 horsepower. The cinema building burned down in February 1918. Starting in the 1930s, summer cinemas began to appear in the parks of the city, which were later transformed into full-fledged cinemas. Thus, the Rodina Cinema was first opened in the [[Central Park (Almaty)|Central Park]] in 1937. In 1957, it was rebuilt from a seasonal venue into a wide-screen cinema with an auditorium for 712 seats. In another park of the city, the Park of the Federation of Soviet Republics, the Progress Cinema was opened, later renamed Alma-Ata. By the early 1990s, there were 21 cinemas in the city. All cinemas were divided into first, second and third screens. The cinemas of the first screen, in which the premieres of new films took place, were "Alatau", "Tselinny" and "Arman". Film films arrived at the cinemas of the third screen in a deplorable state, with glues and cuts. That is, the quality of showing the film depended on the screening of the cinema. Cinemas in the city were single-screen, two halls were owned by the cinema centers "Kazakhstan", "Arman" and "Tselinny". In the 2000s, cinemas began to open in shopping and entertainment centers, and as a result, existing stationary cinemas began to lose popularity and close.