Editing 4th century BC (section)

===Science and philosophy===
*[[Anaximenes of Lampsacus]], [[Greeks|Greek]] [[rhetorician]] and historian.
*[[Antisthenes]], Greek philosopher 
*[[Archytas]], Greek philosopher 
*[[Aristippus]], Greek philosopher
*[[Aristotle]], Greek philosopher
*[[Callisthenes]], Greek historian
*[[Chanakya]], Indian economist and political advisor
*[[Crates of Thebes]], Greek philosopher
*[[Diogenes of Sinope]], Greek philosopher
*[[Epicurus]], Greek philosopher
*[[Mencius]], Chinese philosopher
*[[Pāṇini|Panini]], Indian philosopher and writer
*[[Plato]], Greek philosopher
*[[Pyrrho]], Greek philosopher
*[[Socrates]], Greek Philosopher
*[[Speusippus]], Greek philosopher
*[[Sun Bin]], Chinese author and military strategist
*[[Theophrastus]], Greek philosopher
*[[Wu Qi]], Chinese military strategist and philosopher
*[[Xenocrates]], Greek philosopher
*[[Xenophon]], Greek philosopher, writer and historian
*[[Zeno of Citium]], Greek philosopher
*[[Zhuang Zhou|Zhuangzi]], Chinese philosopher