Editing Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (section)

===Consistency===
[[Gödel's second incompleteness theorem]] says that a recursively axiomatizable system that can interpret [[Robinson arithmetic]] can prove its own consistency only if it is inconsistent. Moreover, Robinson arithmetic can be interpreted in [[general set theory]], a small fragment of ZFC. Hence the [[consistency proof|consistency]] of ZFC cannot be proved within ZFC itself (unless it is actually inconsistent). Thus, to the extent that ZFC is identified with ordinary mathematics, the consistency of ZFC cannot be demonstrated in ordinary mathematics. The consistency of ZFC does follow from the existence of a weakly [[inaccessible cardinal]], which is unprovable in ZFC if ZFC is consistent. Nevertheless, it is deemed unlikely that ZFC harbors an unsuspected contradiction; it is widely believed that if ZFC were inconsistent, that fact would have been uncovered by now. This much is certain{{snd}}ZFC is immune to the classic paradoxes of [[naive set theory]]: [[Russell's paradox]], the [[Burali-Forti paradox]], and [[Cantor's paradox]].

{{harvtxt|Abian|LaMacchia|1978}} studied a [[subtheory]] of ZFC consisting of the axioms of extensionality, union, powerset, replacement, and choice. Using [[model theory|models]], they proved this subtheory consistent, and proved that each of the axioms of extensionality, replacement, and power set is independent of the four remaining axioms of this subtheory. If this subtheory is augmented with the axiom of infinity, each of the axioms of union, choice, and infinity is independent of the five remaining axioms. Because there are non-well-founded models that satisfy each axiom of ZFC except the axiom of regularity, that axiom is independent of the other ZFC axioms.

If consistent, ZFC cannot prove the existence of the [[inaccessible cardinal]]s that [[category theory]] requires. Huge sets of this nature are possible if ZF is augmented with [[Tarski–Grothendieck set theory|Tarski's axiom]].{{sfn|Tarski|1939}} Assuming that axiom turns the axioms of [[axiom of infinity|infinity]], [[axiom of power set|power set]], and [[axiom of choice|choice]] (''7''&thinsp;–&thinsp;''9'' above) into theorems.