Editing William the Conqueror (section)

=== English resistance ===
{{Main|Harrying of the North}}
[[File:Baile Hill, York.JPG|The remains of [[Baile Hill]], the second [[motte-and-bailey castle]] built by William in York|thumb]]

In 1068 Edwin and Morcar rose in revolt, supported by [[Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria]]. Orderic Vitalis states that Edwin's reason for revolting was that the proposed marriage between himself and one of William's daughters had not taken place, but another reason probably included the increasing power of fitzOsbern in Herefordshire, which affected Edwin's power within his own earldom. The king marched through Edwin's lands and built [[Warwick Castle]]. Edwin and Morcar submitted, but William continued on to York, building [[York Castle|York]] and [[Nottingham Castle]]s before returning south. On his southbound journey, he began constructing [[Lincoln Castle|Lincoln]], [[Huntingdon Castle|Huntingdon]], and [[Cambridge Castle]]s. William placed supporters in charge of these new fortifications&nbsp;– among them [[William Peverel]] at Nottingham and [[Henry de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Warwick|Henry de Beaumont]] at Warwick&nbsp;– then returned to Normandy late in 1068.<ref name=Ruling57/>

Early in 1069, Edgar the Ætheling revolted and attacked York. Although William returned to York and built another castle, Edgar remained free, and in the autumn he joined up with King Sweyn.{{efn|Medieval chroniclers frequently referred to 11th-century events only by the season, making more precise dating impossible.}} The [[Danish attacks on Norman England|Danish king had brought a large fleet to England]] and attacked not only York but Exeter and [[Shrewsbury]]. York was captured by the combined forces of Edgar and Sweyn. Edgar was proclaimed king by his supporters. William responded swiftly, ignoring a continental revolt in Maine, and symbolically wore his crown in the ruins of York on Christmas Day 1069. He then bought off the Danes. He marched to the [[River Tees]], ravaging the countryside as he went. Edgar, having lost much of his support, fled to Scotland,<ref name=Carpenter76/> where King [[Malcolm III]] was married to Edgar's sister Margaret.<ref name=Douglas225>Douglas ''William the Conqueror'' p. 225</ref> Waltheof, who had joined the revolt, submitted, along with Gospatric, and both were allowed to retain their lands. William marched over the [[Pennines]] during the winter and defeated the remaining rebels at Shrewsbury before building [[Chester Castle|Chester]] and [[Stafford Castle]]s. This campaign, which included the burning and destruction of part of the countryside that the royal forces marched through, is usually known as the "[[Harrying of the North]]"; it was over by April 1070, when William wore his crown ceremonially for Easter at Winchester.<ref name=Carpenter76>Carpenter ''Struggle for Mastery'' pp. 76–77</ref>