Editing Warsaw (section)

==Demographics==
<!-- DO NOT ADD MORE PICTURES TO THIS SECTION -->
[[File:Warsaw population pyramid.svg|thumb|Warsaw population pyramid in 2021]]
[[Demographics|Demographically]], Warsaw was the most diverse city in Poland, with significant numbers of foreign-born residents.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://migrationsmap.net/#/POL/arrivals |title=Migrations Map: Where are migrants coming from? Where have migrants left? |work=MigrationsMap.net |access-date=12 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211025416/http://migrationsmap.net/#/POL/arrivals |archive-date=11 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition to the Polish majority, there was a large and thriving Jewish minority. According to the [[Russian Empire Census|Imperial Census of 1897]], out of the total population of 638,000, Jews constituted 219,000 (equivalent to 34%).<ref name=Zimmerman/> Prior to the Second World War, Warsaw hosted the world's second largest Jewish population after [[New York City|New York]] – approximately 30 percent of the city's total population in the late 1930s.<ref name="ushmm"/> In 1933, 833,500 out of 1,178,914 people declared [[Polish language|Polish]] as their mother tongue.<ref name=Brockhaus/> There was also a notable [[Germans in Poland|German community]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wielkahistoria.pl/sklad-narodowosciowy-ii-rzeczpospolitej-wykresy-z-1926-roku/ |title=Narodowości w II RP na przedwojennych wykresach. Gdzie było najmniej Polaków, a gdzie najwięcej? |date=27 October 2019 |website=WielkaHistoria |access-date=21 June 2020 |archive-date=23 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623005720/https://wielkahistoria.pl/sklad-narodowosciowy-ii-rzeczpospolitej-wykresy-z-1926-roku/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The ethnic composition of contemporary Warsaw is incomparable to the diversity that existed for nearly 300 years.<ref name="ushmm"/> Most of the modern-day population growth is based on internal migration and urbanisation. In the [[2021 Polish census|2021 census]], 98.78% of Warsaw residents identified themselves as [[Polish people|Polish]], 0.46% as [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]], 0.31% as [[Belarusians|Belarusian]] and 0.21% as [[Jews|Jewish]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2023 |title=Przynależność narodowo-etniczna - dane NSP 2021 dla kraju i jednostek podziału terytorialnego |url=https://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/6536/10/1/1/przynaleznosc_narodowo-etniczna_-_dane_nsp_2021_dla_kraju_i_jednostek_podzialu_terytorialnego.xlsx |website=Statistics Poland}}</ref>
{{Historical populations
|1700|30000
|1792|120000
|1800|63400
|1830|139700
|1850|163600
|1882|383000
|1901|711988
|1909|764054
|1925|1003000
|1933|1178914
|1939|1300900
|1945|422000
|29=1950|30=803888|31=1960|32=1139189|33=1970|34=1314892|35=1978|36=1555406|37=1988|38=1655272|39=2002|40=1689201|41=2011|42=1700612|43=2021|44=1860281|footnote=source<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.polskawliczbach.pl/Warszawa | title=Warszawa (Mazowieckie) » mapy, nieruchomości, GUS, noclegi, szkoły, regon, atrakcje, kody pocztowe, wypadki drogowe, bezrobocie, wynagrodzenie, zarobki, tabele, edukacja, demografia | access-date=8 June 2022 | archive-date=1 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201100513/https://www.polskawliczbach.pl/Warszawa | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1950 census|url=https://statlibr.stat.gov.pl/exlibris/aleph/a22_1/apache_media/V23BYCLDIL473QC8MPYRQGUYFKVYDV.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1960 census|url=https://statlibr.stat.gov.pl/exlibris/aleph/a22_1/apache_media/81YKKICKRTXKV5LAER54LARGAJ6BEJ.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1970 census|url=https://statlibr.stat.gov.pl/exlibris/aleph/a22_1/apache_media/76EMNHPUX2B49GMQEDMCT2V3K4HFFT.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demographic and occupational structure and housing conditions of the urban population in 1978-1988|url=https://statlibr.stat.gov.pl/exlibris/aleph/a22_1/apache_media/RQ1U9XAX48KJJDQ54QSAFQKQ6AK6GS.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Statistics Poland - National Censuses|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/podgrup/temat/}}</ref>
}}
{|class="wikitable" style="float:right;"
|+Foreign residents (2024)<ref>{{cite web |title=Mapa – Rok |url=https://migracje.gov.pl/statystyki/zakres/polska/ |website=migracje.gov.pl |access-date=20 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022081007/https://migracje.gov.pl/statystyki/zakres/polska/|archive-date=22 October 2023|language=pl-PL |date=2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!Nationality||Population 
|-
|{{flagcountry|Ukraine}}||102,634
|-
|{{flagcountry|Belarus}}||41,834
|-
|{{flagcountry|Vietnam}}||7,773
|-
|{{flagcountry|India}}||7,438
|-
|{{flagcountry|Russia}}||6,032
|-
|{{flagcountry|Turkey}}||4,179
|-
|{{flagcountry|Georgia}}||3,867
|-
|{{flagcountry|China}}||4,037
|- 
|{{flagcountry|France}}||2,088
|-
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}||1,891
|}

In 1939, approximately 1,300,000 people resided in Warsaw;<ref name=Tihran/> by 1945 the population had dropped to 420,000. During the first years after the war, the population growth rate was high and the city soon began to suffer from the lack of flats and dwellings to house new incomers. The first remedial measure was the enlargement of Warsaw's total area (1951)&nbsp;– however the city authorities were still forced to introduce limitations; only the spouses and children of permanent residents as well as some persons of public importance (renowned specialists, artists, engineers) were permitted to stay. This negatively affected the image of an average Warsaw citizen, who was perceived as more privileged than those migrating from rural areas, towns or other cities. While all restrictions on residency registration were scrapped in 1990, the negative opinion of Varsovians in some form continues to this day.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}<!-- DO NOT ADD REFERENCES TO ARTICLES FROM 2008 -->

[[Warsaw metropolitan area]] is an example of the development of a strongly polarized region. The capital, along with its immediate surroundings, concentrates over half of the demographic potential of the [[Masovian Voivodeship]], 2/3 of residents with higher education, and 3/4 of larger economic entities employing more than 50 workers.
Current demographic development trends are as follows:<ref name= "demografia">{{Cite web |url=https://rcin.org.pl/Content/157600/WA51_188627_r2020-t92-z4_Przeg-Geogr-Sleszyns.pdf|title=Prognoza demograficzna dla Warszawy |year=2020 |author1= Przemysław Śleszyński|author2= Łukasz Kubiak|author3= Ewa Korcelli-Olejniczak|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref>
* a clear increase in the number of residents after the [[1989 Polish parliamentary election|1989 transformations]], from 1.6 to about 2.0 million inhabitants (including unregistered population), mainly due to positive migration balance.
* the highest [[Human migration|migration]] attractiveness in the country for many decades, causing a strong drain of people in the mobile age (18–44 years), including a relatively more frequent influx of women, resulting in high [[feminization]]
* processes of internal deconcentration of population, consisting of centrifugal migration direction (from central districts to external ones, from external districts to [[Suburb|suburban areas]]). Between 1989 and 2017, 213 thousand registered people moved from Warsaw to the suburbs, and in the opposite direction it was only 110 thousand.
* a clear aging of the population: at the end of 2017, people aged 60 and over constituted 27.2% of the registered population, and those aged 70 and over – 13.5%, while for example in 2002, it was respectively 21.5 and 11.5%
In the coming years, an increase in the city's population is predicted, with migration being the main factor determining the state and structure of Warsaw's population, including mainly internal (national) and external (foreign) influx. Changes in the population are not uniform for the entire Warsaw and in the division into districts, the predicted demographic changes will have a varied course. A decrease in population is forecasted in some central districts ([[Praga-Północ]], [[Śródmieście, Warsaw|Śródmieście]]) and an increase in other districts.<ref name= "demografia"/>

===Immigrant population===
In 2019, it was estimated that 40,000 people living in Warsaw were foreign-born. Of those, [[Ukrainians in Poland|Ukrainians]], [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]], [[Belarusians]], and [[Russians]] were the most prominent groups.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://warszawa.wyborcza.pl/warszawa/1,34862,19778457,caly-swiat-mieszka-w-warszawie-ratusz-policzyl-cudzoziemcow.html |title=Warszawa lubiana przez cudzoziemców. Ilu ich mieszka w stolicy? | publisher=gazeta.pl |access-date=22 October 2016 |archive-date=6 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106232520/http://warszawa.wyborcza.pl/warszawa/1,34862,19778457,caly-swiat-mieszka-w-warszawie-ratusz-policzyl-cudzoziemcow.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russia's aggression against Ukraine]], over 1.1 million refugees from Ukraine passed through Warsaw, and at the beginning of March 2022, approximately 40,000 people applied for help every day. According to official data, over 104,000 of Ukrainian citizens who arrived in the first days after the outbreak of the war still reside in the city, including 17,000 young people and children attending urban educational institutions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://um.warszawa.pl/-/rok-wojny-i-pomocy-ukrainie|title=Rok wojny i pomocy Ukrainie|website=um.warszawa.pl|access-date=20 January 2021}}</ref> Due to the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the immigrant population has increased significantly to about 340,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://notesfrompoland.com/2022/03/17/warsaws-population-has-risen-17-due-to-refugees-from-ukraine/|title=Warsaw's population has risen 17% due to refugees from Ukraine|date=17 March 2022|publisher=notesfrompoland.com|access-date=20 April 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420010850/https://notesfrompoland.com/2022/03/17/warsaws-population-has-risen-17-due-to-refugees-from-ukraine/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Religion===
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{{See also|Places of worship in Warsaw}}

{{Pie chart
| width = 80
| thumb = right
| caption = Religion in Warsaw (2021)<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 Tablice z ostatecznymi danymi w zakresie przynależności narodowo-etnicznej, języka używanego w domu oraz przynależności do wyznania religijnego |url=https://stat.gov.pl/spisy-powszechne/nsp-2021/nsp-2021-wyniki-ostateczne/tablice-z-ostatecznymi-danymi-w-zakresie-przynaleznosci-narodowo-etnicznej-jezyka-uzywanego-w-domu-oraz-przynaleznosci-do-wyznania-religijnego,10,1.html?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR09A3bD9fsbgYim9Xk19XYb3dVO8noT0NCKM6mIzX9iAdTNom3cNrrqaYk_aem_ASg_YSNm_J14IA6y8IV6X2EBi_XLI53kO7kcuLJJKxtW2c4a0pFOqaC2r_qFITjibSLVMPPMe0X7Iyi5_FSadL8x |access-date=May 16, 2024 |website=[[Główny Urząd Statystyczny]]}}</ref>
| label1 = [[Catholicism]] 
| value1 = 51
| color1 = Purple
| label2 = [[Protestantism]]
| value2 = 0.6
| color2 = Blue
| label3 = [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
| value3 = 0.4
| color3 = Red
| label4 = Other Christian
| value4 = 0.1
| color4 = Orange
| label5 = Other
| value5 = 0.2
| color5 = Green
| label6 = Undeclared
| value6 = 29
| color6 = White
| label7 = [[Not religious|Irreligion]]
| value7 = 19
| color7 = Grey
}}

Throughout its existence, Warsaw had been a multi-cultural and multi-religious city.<ref>{{cite book |author=Geert Mak |title=In Europe: travels through the twentieth century |year=2008 |page=427 |publisher=Pantheon Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-307-28057-2 |quote=Today Warsaw is a monocultural city, which is some people's ideal. But before 1939 it was a typically multicultural society. Those were the city's most productive years. We lost that multicultural character during the war.}}</ref> According to the 1901 census, out of 711,988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics, 35.7% Jews, 5% Greek Orthodox Christians and 2.8% Protestants.<ref>{{cite book |author=Hermann Julius Meyer |title=Meyers Konversations-Lexikon |year=1909 |page=388 |location=Leipzig and Vienna |publisher=Bibliographisches Institut |edition=6th |volume=20 |language=de}}</ref> Eight years later, in 1909, there were 281,754 Jews (36.9%), 18,189 Protestants (2.4%) and 2,818 [[Mariavite Church|Mariavites]] (0.4%).<ref>{{cite book |author=Erich Zechlin |title=Die Bevölkerungs- und Grundbesitzverteilung im Zartum Polen |trans-title=The distribution of population and property in tsaristic Poland |year=1916 |pages=82–83 |publisher=Reimer |location=Berlin |language=de}}</ref> This led to construction of hundreds of places of religious worship in all parts of the town. Most of them were destroyed in the aftermath of the [[Warsaw Uprising]] in 1944. After the war, the new communist authorities of Poland discouraged church construction and only a small number were rebuilt.<ref>{{cite book |author=Marian S. Mazgaj |title=Church and State in Communist Poland: A History, 1944–1989 |year=2010 |page=[https://archive.org/details/churchstatecommu00mazg/page/n75 67] |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-5904-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/churchstatecommu00mazg |url-access=limited}}</ref>

The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warsaw|archdiocese of Warsaw]] and the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Warszawa-Praga|Diocese of Warsaw-Praga]] are the two ecclesiastical districts active in the city which serve the large [[Roman Catholic]] population of 1.4 million.<ref>''Konferencja Episkopatu Polski, Informator 2017'', Biblos 2017, {{ISBN|978-83-7793-478-4}}</ref> The [[Lutheran Diocese of Warsaw]] is one of six in Poland; its main house of worship is the [[Holy Trinity Church, Warsaw|Holy Trinity Church]] from 1782, one of Warsaw's most important and historic landmarks. The [[Evangelical Reformed Parish, Warsaw|Evangelical Reformed Parish]] ([[Calvinism|Calvinist]]) is leading the [[Polish Reformed Church]]. The main tserkva of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christians]] is Praga's [[Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene, Warsaw|Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene]] from 1869. The Jewish Commune of Warsaw (''Gmina Wyznaniowa Żydowska'') is one of eight in the country; Chief Rabbi of Poland [[Michael Schudrich]] resides in the city. There are also 3 active [[synagogue]]s, one of which is the pre-war [[Nożyk Synagogue]] designated for [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jews]]. An Islamic Cultural Centre in [[Ochota]] and a small [[mosque]] in [[Wilanów]] serve the Muslims.

There are several [[Shrines to the Virgin Mary|Marian shrine]]s in the city, including: [[Jesuit Church, Warsaw|sanctuary of the Gracious Mother of God]] with her image crowned in 1651 in the presence of [[John II Casimir Vasa|King John Casimir]]. Another patron of the city is [[Ladislas of Gielniów|Blessed Władysław of Gielniów]], bernardine from the [[St. Anne's Church, Warsaw|St. Anne's Church]]. The greatest cult is that of [[Andrew Bobola|St. Andrew Bobola]], patron of the metropolis of Warsaw, whose [[relic]]s are in the sanctuary of St. Andrew Bobola in [[Mokotów]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.niedziela.pl/artykul/41792/nd/Kult-swietych-patronow-Warszawy|title=Kult świętych patronów Warszawy| website= niedziela.pl|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref>