Editing Urdu (section)

== Dialects ==
Urdu became a literary language in the 18th century and two similar standard forms came into existence in [[Delhi]] and [[Lucknow]]. Since the [[partition of India]] in 1947, a third standard has arisen in the Pakistani city of [[Karachi]].<ref name="Schmidt2005">{{cite book|last1=Schmidt|first1=Ruth Laila|title=Urdu: An Essential Grammar|date=8 December 2005|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-134-71319-6|language=en|quote=Historically, Urdu developed from the sub-regional language of the Delhi area, which became a literary language in the eighteenth century. Two quite similar standard forms of the language developed in Delhi, and in Lucknow in modern Uttar Pradesh. Since 1947, a third form, Karachi standard Urdu, has evolved.}}</ref><ref name="Mahapatra1989">{{cite book|last1=Mahapatra|first1=B. P.|title=Constitutional languages|date=1989|publisher=[[Presses Université Laval]]|isbn=978-2-7637-7186-1|page=553|language=en|quote=Modern Urdu is a fairly homogenous language. An older southern form, Deccani Urdu, is now obsolete. Two varieties however, must be mentioned viz. the Urdu of Delhi, and the Urdu of Lucknow. Both are almost identical, differing only in some minor points. Both of these varieties are considered 'Standard Urdu' with some minor divergences.}}</ref> [[Deccani language|Deccani]], an older form used in [[South India|southern India]], became a court language of the [[Deccan sultanates]] by the 16th century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dwyer|first=Rachel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZsKR1RKoJKUC&q=urdu+language+of+deccan+courts&pg=PA103|title=Filming the Gods: Religion and Indian Cinema|date=27 September 2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-38070-1|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Mahapatra1989" />
Urdu has a few recognised dialects, including [[Dakhni]], [[Dhakaiya Urdu|Dhakaiya]], [[Rekhta]], and Modern Vernacular Urdu (based on the [[Dehlavi dialect|Khariboli]] dialect of the Delhi region). Dakhni (also known as Dakani, Deccani, Desia, Mirgan) is spoken in [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] region of [[southern India]]. It is distinct by its mixture of vocabulary from [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Konkani language|Konkani]], as well as some vocabulary from Arabic, [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]] that are not found in the standard dialect of Urdu. Dakhini is widely spoken in all parts of [[Maharashtra]], [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Karnataka]]. Urdu is read and written as in other parts of India. A number of daily newspapers and several monthly magazines in Urdu are published in these states.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}

[[Dhakaiya Urdu]] is a dialect native to the city of [[Old Dhaka]] in [[Bangladesh]], dating back to the [[Mughal era]]. However, its popularity, even among native speakers, has been gradually declining since the [[Bengali Language Movement]] in the 20th century. It is not officially recognised by the [[Government of Bangladesh]]. The Urdu spoken by [[Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh]] is different from this dialect.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

=== Code switching ===
Many bilingual or multi-lingual Urdu speakers, being familiar with both Urdu and English, display [[code-switching]] (referred to as "[[Urdish]]") in certain localities and between certain social groups. On 14 August 2015, the [[Government of Pakistan]] launched the ''Ilm'' Pakistan movement, with a uniform curriculum in Urdish. [[Ahsan Iqbal]], Federal Minister of Pakistan, said "Now the government is working on a new curriculum to provide a new medium to the students which will be the combination of both Urdu and English and will name it Urdish."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nation.com.pk/editorials/16-Aug-2015/learning-in-urdish|title=Learning In 'Urdish'|access-date=10 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117144040/http://nation.com.pk/editorials/16-Aug-2015/learning-in-urdish|archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://nation.com.pk/national/14-Aug-2015/govt-to-launch-ilm-pakistan-on-august-14-ahsan|title=Govt to launch 'Ilm Pakistan' on August 14: Ahsan|last1=Yousafzai|first1=Fawad|access-date=10 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117140424/http://nation.com.pk/national/14-Aug-2015/govt-to-launch-ilm-pakistan-on-august-14-ahsan|archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1201758|title=Over to 'Urdish'|last1=Mustafa|first1=Zubeida|access-date=10 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017025911/http://www.dawn.com/news/1201758|archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref>