Editing Tuberculosis (section)

=== Mantoux test ===
[[File:Mantoux_tuberculin_skin_test.jpg|thumb|The Mantoux skin test consists of an injection of a small quantity of PPD [[tuberculin]] just below the skin on the forearm.]]
The [[Mantoux test|Mantoux tuberculin skin test]] is often used to screen people at high risk for TB such as health workers or close contacts of TB patients, who may not display symptoms of infection.<ref name="Escalante-2009" /> In the Mantoux test, a small quantity of tuberculin antigen is injected intradermally on the forearm.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 2011 |title=TB Elimination - Tuberculin Skin Testing |url=https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/testing/skintesting.pdf |access-date=5 June 2017 |website=CDC.gov |publisher=CDC - National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention - Division of Tuberculosis Elimination}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Mantoux test: Administration, reading and interpretation |url=http://www.immunisation.nhs.uk/files/mantouxtest.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215105953/http://www.immunisation.nhs.uk/files/mantouxtest.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |access-date=5 June 2017 |website=NHS.uk}}</ref> The result of the test is read after 48 to 72 hours. A person who has been exposed to the bacteria would be expected to mount an immune response; the reaction is read by measuring the diameter of the raised area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mantoux Tuberculin Skin Test |url=https://www.cdc.gov/tb/education/mantoux/pdf/Mantoux_TB_Skin_Test.pdf |access-date=30 March 2025 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Vaccination with  Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) may result in a false-positive result. Several factors may lead to false negatives; these include HIV infection, some viral illnesses, and overwhelming TB disease.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Table A3.1, Causes of false-negative and false-positive tuberculin skin tests |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK214439/table/annex3.t1/?report=objectonly |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nayak |first1=Surajit |last2=Acharjya |first2=Basanti |date=April 2012 |title=Mantoux test and its interpretation |journal=Indian Dermatology Online Journal |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=2–6 |doi=10.4103/2229-5178.93479 |doi-access=free |issn=2229-5178 |pmc=3481914 |pmid=23130251}}</ref>