Editing Trieste (section)

==Economy==
During the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] era, Trieste became a leading European city in economy, trade and commerce, and was the fourth-largest and most important centre in the empire, after Vienna, Budapest and Prague. The economy of Trieste, however, fell into decline after the city's annexation to Italy in 1922. The Fascist government promoted several development schemes in the 1930s, with new manufacturing activities dedicated to shipbuilding and defence production (such as the "Cantieri Aeronautici Navali Triestini (CANT)").<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nuovolitorale.org/cantieristica.asp | title=La Cantieristica Triestina | access-date=29 December 2012 | trans-title=Trieste naval industries | language=it | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306160025/http://www.nuovolitorale.org/cantieristica.asp | archive-date=6 March 2012 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Allied bombings during [[World War II]] destroyed the industrial section of the city (mainly the shipyards). However, starting from the 1970s, Trieste has experienced steady economic growth.
[[File:Porto nuovo di Trieste 1.4.2012.jpg|500px|thumb|Port of Trieste]]
Since the fall of the Iron Curtain, the accession of Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the EU and the increasing importance of the maritime [[Silk Road]] to Asia and Africa across the [[Suez Canal]], trade has seen an increase in Trieste.<ref>Harry de Wilt: Is One Belt, One Road a China crisis for North Sea main ports?, In: World Cargo News 17 December 2019.</ref><ref>Wolf D. Hartmann, Wolfgang Maennig, Run Wang: Chinas neue Seidenstraße (2017), pp 51.</ref><ref>Jean-Marc F. Blanchard "China's Maritime Silk Road Initiative and South Asia" (2018).</ref> The [[Port of Trieste]] is a major trade hub in the northern Mediterranean, with significant commercial shipping activity and busy container and oil terminals. The port has been included in the Silk Road scheme because of its ability to dock container ships with very large drafts.<ref>Linda Vierecke, Elisabetta Galla "Triest und die neue Seidenstraße" In: Deutsche Welle, 8 December 2020.</ref><ref>Triest – Ein Welthafen für Bayern, In: Bayrische Staatszeitung 30 November 2018.</ref><ref>Marcus Hernig: Die Renaissance der Seidenstraße (2018), p 112</ref><ref>Thomas Fromm "Hanseatische Seidenstraße" In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, 5 October 2020</ref><ref>"Hamburger Hafenkonzern investiert groß in Triest", In: Die Presse 29 September 2020.</ref> Because of this natural advantage, the Port of Hamburg (HHLA) and the State of Hungary have holdings in the port area of Trieste and the associated facilities have been expanded by the Italian state in 2021 with an investment of €400 million.<ref>Diego D'Amelio "Così Trieste torna Porto della Mitteleuropa" In: {{Lang|it|Il Piccolo}}, 02.06.2021.</ref> The port is now being promoted as a key terminal for the [[India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor|India-Middle East-Europe economic Corridor]] (IMEC)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trieste and the New Golden Road |url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/trieste-and-the-new-golden-road |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=The National Interest |language=en-US}}</ref> and the [[Indo-Mediterranean]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2025-01-23 |title=Italy's strategic role in the Indo-Med as IMEC regains momentum |url=https://decode39.com/9833/italy-strategic-role-imec/ |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=Decode39 |language=en-US}}</ref> It is considered strategic for Europe due to its position which can connect various trade routes as well as reinforce trade with the Ukrainian port of Odesa. 

The oil terminal is a key infrastructure in the [[Transalpine Pipeline]], which covers 40% of Germany's energy requirements (100% of the states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg), 90% of Austria and 50% of the Czech Republic's.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tal-oil.com/en/tal-group/the-company-in-figures.html|title=The company in figures|access-date=16 September 2015|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411190639/https://www.tal-oil.com/en/tal-group/the-company-in-figures.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Thomas Fromm "Pipeline durch die Alpen: Alles im Fluss" In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, 26 December 2019.</ref> The sea highway connecting the ports of Trieste and Istanbul is one of the busiest RO/RO [roll on roll-off] routes in the Mediterranean. The port is also Italy's and the Mediterranean's greatest coffee port, supplying more than 40% of Italy's coffee.<ref name="infopoint.ictp.it">{{cite web|url=http://infopoint.ictp.it/a-brief-history-of-trieste-1/a-brief-history-of-trieste/geography-and-economy |title=Geography and Economy—ICTP Portal |publisher=Infopoint.ictp.it |access-date=2010-04-19}}</ref> The city is part of the Corridor 5 project to establish closer transport connections between Western and Eastern Europe, through countries such as Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Ukraine and Bosnia.<ref name="esteri.it">{{cite web |url=http://www.esteri.it/MAE/EN/Politica_Estera/Aree_Geografiche/Europa/Le_reti_infrastrutturali.htm |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Europe – Infrastructure Networks |publisher=Esteri.it |date=2000-07-07 |access-date=2010-04-19 |archive-date=2010-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519122209/http://www.esteri.it/MAE/EN/Politica_Estera/Aree_Geografiche/Europa/Le_reti_infrastrutturali.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> 
[[File:Illy Kaffeesack.jpg|200px|thumb|One of many coffee sacks that are traded by a Trieste company]]
The thriving coffee industry in Trieste began under [[Austria-Hungary]], with the Austro-Hungarian government even awarding tax-free status to the city in order to encourage more commerce. Some evidence of Austria-Hungary's coffee-driven economic growth stimulus remain, such as the Hausbrandt Trieste coffee company. As a result, present-day Trieste is characterised by its many cafes, and is still known to this day as "the coffee capital of Italy". Companies active in the coffee sector have given birth to the Trieste Coffee Cluster as their main umbrella organisation, but also as an economic actor in its own right.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.triestecoffeecluster.com/index.php?lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123123341/http://www.triestecoffeecluster.com/index.php?lang=en|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 January 2012|title=Trieste Coffee Cluster|access-date=16 September 2015}}</ref> A large part of Italian coffee imports (approx. 2–2.5 million sacks) are handled and processed in the city.<ref>Helmut Luther "Warum Kaffeetrinken in Triest anspruchsvoll ist" In: Die Welt, 16 February 2015.</ref>

Two [[Fortune Global 500]] companies have their global or national headquarters in the city, respectively: [[Assicurazioni Generali]] and [[Allianz]]. Other corporations based in Trieste are [[Fincantieri]], one of the world's leading shipbuilding companies, and the Italian operations of [[Wärtsilä]]. Prominent companies from Trieste include: AcegasApsAmga ([[Hera Group]]), Adriatic Assicurazioni SpA Autamarocchi SpA, [[Banca Generali]] SpA (BIT: BGN), [[Genertel]], [[Genertellife]], HERA Trading, the coffee company [[Illy]], the shipping line [[Italia Marittima]], [[Modiano (company)|Modiano]], Nuovo Arsenale Cartubi Srl, [[Jindal Steel and Power]] Italia SpA; Pacorini SpA, Siderurgica Triestina (Arvedi Group), TBS Groug, [[U-blox]], [[Telit]], and polling and marketing company [[SWG (company)|SWG]].

The real estate market in Trieste has been growing in recent years. The relevant land register law comes from old Austrian legislation and was adopted by the Italian legal system after 1918 in Trieste, as well as in the provinces of Trento, Bolzano and Gorizia as well as in some municipalities of the provinces of Udine, Brescia, Belluno and Vicenza.<ref>Alessandra Caparello "Immobiliare: prezzi delle case in calo anche nel 2019 a -2,8%", Wall Street Italia, 30. December 2019.</ref><ref>Sigrún Davíðsdóttir "Life could be a breeze: buying a home in the Italian city Trieste", Financial Times 10. July 2015.</ref><ref>Micol Brusaferro "Trieste, ville in Costiera e attici in centro storico tornano a far gola agli acquirenti austriaci", {{Lang|it|Il Piccolo}}, 20. October 2020.</ref>

===Commercial fishing===
[[File:Fishing boat at Barcola.JPG|thumb|Professional fisherman's boat in [[Barcola]], a suburb of Trieste]]
Fishing boats anchor at Molo Veneziano near Piazza Venezia. In summer {{lang|it|lampare}} (large lamps) are used for fishing and in autumn and winter {{lang|it|redi di posta}} (smaller fishing nets) are used. In the [[Gulf of Trieste]], because of the crystal-clear, nutrient-poor water with little plankton, fishing in itself is challenging. The fishing season lasts from May to July. In terms of fish reproduction, fishing is prohibited in August and restricted in winter. As of 2009, there are fewer than 200 professional fishermen in the city. There is also a small fishing port in the suburb [[Barcola]]. Some of the fish is sold directly from the boats or delivered to the town's shops and restaurants. The rare alici ([anchovies - in the local dialect: {{lang|it|Sardoni barcolani}}) from the Gulf of Trieste near Barcola, which are only caught at Sirocco, are particularly sought after because of their white meat and special taste and fetch high prices for fishermen.<ref name="Servus Magazin 2020 p 73">Georges Desrues "Eine Lange Nacht am Meer", In: Triest - Servus Magazin (2020), p 73.</ref><ref>Ute Mörtl "Das immer kargere Leben der Fischer im Golf von Triest" In: Der Standard, 26. October 2009.</ref>