Editing Tone (linguistics) (section)

===Tone change===
'''Tone change''' must be distinguished from '''tone sandhi'''. [[Tone sandhi]] is a compulsory change that occurs when certain tones are juxtaposed. Tone change, however, is a morphologically conditioned [[alternation (linguistics)|alternation]] and is used as an inflectional or a derivational strategy.<ref name="Chen2004" /> Lien indicated that causative verbs in modern [[Southern Min]] are expressed with tonal alternation, and that tonal alternation may come from earlier affixes. Examples: 長 tng<sup>5</sup> 'long' vs. tng<sup>2</sup> 'grow'; 斷 tng<sup>7</sup> 'break' vs. tng<sup>2</sup> 'cause to break'.<ref>{{Cite journal| volume = 29 | number = 4 | last = Lien| first = Chin-fa| title = A Typological Study of Causatives in Taiwanese Southern Min| journal = Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies| year = 1999 | pages = 395–422 }}  Lien, Chin-fa (連金發). (1999). A Typological Study of Causatives in Taiwanese Southern Min [台灣閩南語使動式的類型研究]. ''The Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, 29''(4), 395-422.</ref> Also, 毒 in [[Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwanese Southern Min]] has two pronunciations: to̍k (entering tone) means 'poison' or 'poisonous', while thāu (departing tone) means 'to kill with poison'.<ref>[https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/default.jsp 教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507124345/https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/default.jsp |date=2021-05-07  }}. Ministry of Education, Taiwan. Retrieved 11 June 2019.</ref> The same usage can be found in Min, Yue, and Hakka.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=吳 |first=瑞文 |date=2005-09-18 |title=吳閩方言音韻比較研究 (Wú mǐn fāngyán yīnyùn bǐjiào yánjiū {{!}} A Comparative Study on the Phonology of Wu and Min Dialects) |degree=PhD |pages=46, 65 |publisher=National Chengchi University |url=http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35579 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809142454/http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35579 |archive-date=2020-08-09 |language=zh |via=NCCU Institutional Repository}}</ref>