Editing Timeline of Jewish history (section)

===13th century===
;1240: Jews living in England, under [[Henry III of England|King Henry III]], were blamed for counterfeiting the money and when the local citizens began to exact revenge on them, the king expelled his Jewish subjects in order to save them from harm.<ref>[[Gedaliah ibn Yahya ben Joseph|Gedaliah Ibn Yechia]], ''Shalshelet Ha-Kabbalah''</ref>

;1249–1250: The [[Hafsid dynasty|Hafsid]] caliph in the Magrheb and the [[Ayyubid Sultanate|Ayyubid sultan]] of Egypt issue decrees that Jews and Christians to wear a dinstinguishing badge. The so-called [[shikla]] continues to be in use for [[Tunisian Jews]] into the nineteenth century.<ref name="Stillman1">{{cite book |last1=Stillman |first1=Norman |title=Arab Dress, A Short History: From the Dawn of Islam to Modern Times |date=8 June 2022 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-49162-5 |pages=110,114 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YUB0EAAAQBAJ |access-date=3 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

;1250–1300: The life of [[Moses de Leon]], of Spain. He publishes to the public the [[Zohar]] the 2nd century CE esoteric interpretations of the Torah by [[Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai]] and his disciples. Thus begins the evolution of modern [[Kabbalah]] (esoteric Jewish mysticism).

;1250–1550: Period of the ''[[Rishonim]]'', the medieval rabbinic sages. Most Jews at this time lived in lands bordering the [[Mediterranean Sea]] or in [[Western Europe]] under feudal systems. With the decline of Muslim and Jewish centers of power in [[Iraq]], there was no single place in the world which was a recognized authority for deciding matters of Jewish law and practice. Consequently, the rabbis recognized the need for writing commentaries on the [[Torah]] and Talmud and for writing law codes that would allow Jews anywhere in the world to be able to continue living in the Jewish tradition.

;1267: [[Nachmanides]] (Ramban) settles in Jerusalem and builds the [[Ramban Synagogue]].

;1270–1343: Rabbi [[Jacob ben Asher]] of Spain writes the ''[[Arba'ah Turim]]'' (Four Rows of Jewish Law).

;1276: Massacre in [[Fez, Morocco|Fez]] to kill all Jews stopped by intervention of the Emir.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1eqtODKlq1cC&pg=459|title=Roudh el-Kartas: Histoire des souverains du Maghreb (Espagne et Maroc) et annales de la ville de Fès|first1=ʻAlī ibn ʻAbd Allāh Ibn Abī Zarʻ|last1=al-Fāsī|first2=Ṣāliḥ ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm|last2=al-Gharnāṭī|date=23 November 1860|publisher=Impr. impériale}}</ref>

;1290: Jews are expelled from [[England]] by [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] after the banning of [[usury]] in the 1275 ''[[Statute of Jewry]]''.