Editing Telecommunications in Russia (section)

==International connection==
Russia is connected internationally by three undersea fiber-optic cables; digital switches in several cities provide more than 50,000 lines for international calls; satellite earth stations provide access to [[Intelsat]], [[Intersputnik]], [[Eutelsat]], [[Inmarsat]], and [[Orbita (TV system)|Orbita]]. Rostelecom set up international fiber-optic communication lines providing access to Finland, Turkey, Italy, Bulgaria, Japan, China, Estonia, Latvia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Belarus. The company's international points of presence are in Stockholm, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, and London. Russia due to its connections to Europe and Asia offers high-speed transit services from Europe to Asia via the Russian territory. international digital transit telephone network of Rostelecom is based on ten international transit and communication centers and six combined communication centers. The total installed capacity of the zonal network by the end of 2011 constituted 1,100,600 channels. The level of international communication centers digitalization constituted 100%.

In May 2006, [[Rostelecom]] launched a new fiber-optic data transmission line linking Russia's Far Eastern cities of [[Belogorsk, Amur Oblast|Belogorsk]] and [[Blagoveshchensk]] with the Chinese city of [[Heihe]] on the [[People's Republic of China–Russia border|Chinese-Russian border]].<ref>Rostelecom, China Telecom sign cooperation memorandum, 2006/7/4 10:10, CII4</ref> In May 2006 TransTeleCom Company and North Korea's Ministry of Communications have signed an agreement for the construction and joint operation of a fiber-optic transmission line (FOTL) in the section of the [[Khasan (urban-type settlement)|Khasan]]–[[Tumangang]] railway checkpoint. This is the first direct land link between Russia and North Korea. TTC's partner in the design, construction, and connection of the communication line from the Korean side to the junction was Korea Communication Company of North Korea's Ministry of Communications. The technology transfer was built around [[STM-1]] level digital equipment with the possibility of further increasing [[Bandwidth (signal processing)|bandwidth]]. The construction was completed in 2007.<ref>TransTeleCom is to build first land link with North Korea</ref>

In 2011, Rostelecom came to an agreement with Mongolian operator [[Mobicom Corporation|Mobicom]] aimed at establishing a [[Mongolia–Russia border|Russia-Mongolia border-crossing]] transmission line and at providing telecommunications services. It also opened a new international Kaliningrad-Poland transmission line through the [[Poland–Russia border]] to optimize costs when providing services to end users and operators in Kaliningrad.

In February 2012, the national operator Rostelecom has selected TeliaSonera International Carrier to operate and manage its new [[backbone network]] between [[Kingisepp]], Russia and [[Stockholm]]. The next-generation managed optical network provides connectivity between the cable landing points of the Baltic Cable System, Kingisepp and [[Kotka]], implemented over [[TeliaSonera]] International Carrier's wholly owned fibre-optic infrastructure to Stockholm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telecompaper.com/news/rostelecom-picks-tic-to-manage-new-russia-europe-link|title=Rostelecom picks TIC to manage new Russia-Europe link|access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref>

In September 2013, EPEG International Cable System, of which Russia is a member, became in commercial use. Main line connects [[Western Europe]] and the Middle East through Russia. The line, connecting [[Frankfurt]] across [[Eastern Europe]], Russia, [[Azerbaijan]], [[Iran]] and the [[Persian Gulf]] to the capital of the [[Oman]], [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]], has an initial capacity of 540 gigabits per second. The total length of the new cable system amounted to about 10,000 kilometers, and design capacity is up to 3.2 terabits per second. Vodafone organized a main line connecting Europe with Ukraine to the [[Borders of Russia|border]] with Russia. From the [[Russia-ukraine border|Russian-Ukrainian border]] to the border with Azerbaijan and through Azerbaijan to the borders with Iran the line was built by Rostelecom together with the Azerbaijani partner [[Delta Telecom]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.trend.az/regions/scaucasus/azerbaijan/2188782.html|title=EPEG International Cable System in commercial use|date=12 September 2013|access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref>

In 2015, Transarctic Russian optical cable system (ROTAX) will be completed. The fiber optical cable a pass route from  [[Bude]] (UK) through [[Murmansk]], [[Anadyr (town)|Anadyr]] and [[Vladivostok]] in Russia and finish at [[Tokyo]]. The total length of the cable system will be about 16,000&nbsp;km with capacity of the system is 60&nbsp;Tbit/s. The project was initiated ROTAX is JSC "Polarnet Project", and is being built by [[Tyco Electronic Subcom]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.comnews.ru/node/79610|title ="Ростелеком" готовится к погружению| work =comnews.ru| access-date = 7 December 2013}}</ref>