Editing Tagalog language (section)

===Latin alphabet===
====Abecedario====
Until the first half of the 20th century, Tagalog was widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography consisting of 32 letters called ''''ABECEDARIO'''' ([[wikt:abecedario#English-alphabet|Spanish for "alphabet"]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gómez Rivera |first=Guillermo |author-link=Guillermo Gómez Rivera |date=April 10, 2001 |title=The Evolution of the Native Tagalog Alphabet |url=http://emanila.com/news/opinion/ggrivera_2001_04_10_opinion_tagalog.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919003751/http://emanila.com/news/opinion/ggrivera_2001_04_10_opinion_tagalog.html |archive-date=September 19, 2013 |access-date=August 3, 2010 |website=Emanila News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Signey |first=Richard C. |date=2005 |title=The Evolution and Disappearance of the "Ğ" in Tagalog Orthography since the 1593 Doctrina Christiana |url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18813686 |url-status=dead |journal=Philippine Journal of Linguistics |volume=36 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113010354/http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18813686 |archive-date=January 13, 2012 |access-date=August 3, 2010}}</ref> The additional letters beyond the 26-letter [[English alphabet]] are: ch, ll, ng, ñ, n͠g / ñg, and rr.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Majuscule !! Minuscule !! Majuscule !! Minuscule
|-
| A || a || Ng || ng
|-
| B || b || Ñ || ñ
|-
| C || c || N͠g / Ñg || n͠g / ñg
|-
| Ch || ch || O || o
|-
| D || d || P || p
|-
| E || e || Q || q
|-
| F || f || R || r
|-
| G || g || Rr || rr
|-
| H || h || S || s
|-
| I || i || T || t
|-
| J || j || U || u
|-
| K || k || V || v
|-
| L || l || W || w
|-
| Ll || ll || X || x
|-
| M || m || Y || y
|-
| N || n || Z || z
|}

====Abakada====
{{Main|Abakada alphabet}}
When the national language was based on Tagalog, grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced a new alphabet consisting of 20 letters called ''Abakada'' in school grammar books called ''balarilâ''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781566399388/page/ |title=Contemporary Asian American Communities: Intersections and Divergences |date=2002 |publisher=Temple University Press |isbn=978-1-56639-938-8 |editor-last=Võ |editor-first=Linda Trinh |pages=96, 100 |ref={{Harvid|Trinh|Bonus|2002}} |editor-last2=Bonus |editor-first2=Rick}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1971 |url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=k6oqAAAAMAAJ }} |journal=Philippine Journal of Education |title=Philippine Journal of Education |volume=50 |page=556}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=April 2022}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Martin |first=Perfecto T. |url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=Bv5HAAAAMAAJ }} |title=Diksiyunaryong Adarna: Mga Salita at Larawan para sa Bata |date=1986 |publisher=Children's Communication Center |isbn=978-971-12-1118-9}}</ref> The only letter not in the [[English alphabet]] is ng.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Majuscule !! Minuscule !! Majuscule !! Minuscule
|-
| A || a || N || n
|-
| B || b || Ng || ng
|-
| K || k || O || o
|-
| D || d || P || p
|-
| E || e || R || r
|-
| G || g || S || s
|-
| H || h || T || t
|-
| I || i || U || u
|-
| L || l || W || w
|-
| M || m || Y || y
|}

====Revised alphabet====
{{Main|Filipino alphabet}}
In 1987, the [[Department of Education (Philippines)|Department of Education, Culture and Sports]] issued a memo stating that the Philippine alphabet had changed from the Pilipino-Tagalog Abakada version to a new 28-letter alphabet<ref>{{Harvnb|Trinh|Bonus|2002|pp=[{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=7xp4qZta2GYC |page=96 }} 96], [{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=7xp4qZta2GYC |page=100 }} 100]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Perdon |first=Renato |url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=4X1Musto3h0C }} |title=Pocket Tagalog Dictionary: Tagalog-English/English-Tagalog |date=2005 |publisher=Periplus Editions |isbn=978-0-7946-0345-8 |pages=[{{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=4X1Musto3h0C|page=PR6 }} vi–vii]}}</ref> to make room for loans, especially family names from Spanish and English.<ref>{{Cite book |url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=tM3PrFFSiVgC }} |title=Undoing and Redoing Corpus Planning |date=1997 |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter |isbn=3-11-015509-5 |editor-last=Clyne |editor-first=Michael |page=[{{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=tM3PrFFSiVgC|page=317 }} 317]}}</ref> The additional letters beyond the 26-letter [[English alphabet]] are: ñ, ng.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Majuscule !! Minuscule !! Majuscule !! Minuscule
|-
| A || a || Ñ || ñ
|-
| B || b || Ng || ng
|-
| C || c || O || o
|-
| D || d || P || p
|-
| E || e || Q || q
|-
| F || f || R || r
|-
| G || g || S || s
|-
| H || h || T || t
|-
| I || i || U || u
|-
| J || j || V || v
|-
| K || k || W || w
|-
| L || l || X || x
|-
| M || m || Y || y
|-
| N || n || Z || z
|}

====''ng'' and ''mga''====
{{See also|ng (digraph)}}
The [[Genitive case|genitive]] marker ''ng'' and the plural marker ''mga'' (e.g. ''Iyan ang '''mga''' damít ko.'' (Those are my clothe'''s''')) are abbreviations that are pronounced ''nang'' {{IPA|[naŋ]}} and ''mangá'' {{IPA|[mɐˈŋa]}}. ''Ng'', in most cases, roughly translates to "of" (ex. ''Siyá ay kapatíd '''ng''' nanay ko.'' She is the sibling ''of'' my mother) while ''nang'' usually means "when" or can describe how something is done or to what extent (equivalent to the suffix ''-ly'' in English adverbs), among other uses. 
* '''''Nang''' si Hudas ay nadulás.''—When [[Judas Iscariot|Judas]] slipped.
* ''Gumising siya '''nang''' <u>maaga</u>.''—He woke up <u>early</u>.
* ''Gumalíng '''nang''' <u>{{sic|hide=y|todo}}</u> si Juan dahil nag-ensayo siyá.''—Juan <u>greatly</u> improved because he practiced.

In the first example, ''nang'' is used in lieu of the word ''noong'' (when; ''<u>Noong</u> si Hudas ay madulás''). In the second, ''nang'' describes that the person woke up (''gumising'') early (''maaga''); ''gumising nang maaga''. In the third, ''nang'' described up to what extent that Juan improved (''gumalíng''), which is "greatly" (''nang {{sic|hide=y|todo}}''). In the latter two examples, the ligature ''na'' and its variants ''-ng'' and ''-g'' may also be used (''Gumising <u>na</u> maaga/Maaga<u>ng</u> gumising''; ''Gumalíng <u>na</u> {{sic|hide=y|todo}}/Todo<u>ng</u> gumalíng'').

The longer ''nang'' may also have other uses, such as a [[Typographic ligature|ligature]] that joins a repeated word:
*''Naghintáy sila '''nang''' naghintáy.''—They kept on waiting" (a closer calque: "They were waiting and waiting.")