Editing T–V distinction (section)

== Related verbs, nouns and pronouns ==
Some languages have a verb to describe the fact of using either a ''T'' or a ''V'' form. Some also have a related noun or pronoun. The English words are used to refer only to English usage in the past, not to usage in other languages. The analogous distinction may be expressed as "to use first names" or "to be on familiar terms (with someone)".
{| class="wikitable"
|+Related ''T'' and ''V'' words
|-
!scope="col"| Language
!scope="col"| ''T'' verb
!scope="col"| ''V'' verb
!scope="col"| ''T'' noun
!scope="col"| ''V'' noun
|-
|-
| [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| ''তই-তইকৈ মাত'' (toi-toikoi mat) (very informal), ''তোমা-তুমিকৈ মাত'' (tüma-tumikoi mat) (familiar)
| ''আপোনা-আপুনিকৈ মাত'' (apüna-apunikoi mat)
| ''তই-তই কৰা'' (toi-toi kora) (very informal), ''তোমা-তুমি কৰা'' (tüma-tumi kora) (familiar)
| ''আপোনা-আপুনি কৰা'' (apüna-apuni kora)
|-
| [[Basque language|Basque]]
| ''hika aritu / hika hitz egin'' (very close)
| ''zuka aritu / zuka hitz egin'' (neuter / formal) <br /> ''berorika (aritu / hitz egin)'' (very formal)
|
|
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| ''তুইতোকারি করা'' (tuitokāri kôrā) (very informal)
| ''আপনি-আজ্ঞে করা'' (āpni-āgge kôrā)
| ''তুইতোকারি'' (very informal)
|
|-
| [[Breton language|Breton]]
| ''teal / mont dre te / komz dre te''
| ''c'hwial / mont dre c'hwi / komz dre c'hwi''
|
|
|-
| [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
| ''(говоря / съм) на "ти" (govorya / sam) na "ti"''
| ''(говоря / съм) на "Вие" (govorya / sam) na "Vie"''
| ''на "ти" na "ti"'' (more like adverb)
| ''на "Вие" na "Vie"'' (more like adverb)
|-
| [[Catalan language|Catalan]]
| ''tutejar / tractar de tu / vós''
| ''tractar de vostè''
| ''tuteig'', ''tutejament''
|
|-
| [[Mandarin Chinese|Chinese]]
| 稱(呼)"你" ''(chēng(hū) nǐ)'' / 說"你" ''(shuō nǐ)''
| 稱(呼)"您" ''(chēng(hū) nín)'' / 說"您" ''(shuō nín)''
| 
| 
|-
| [[Croatian language|Croatian]]
| ''tikati''
| ''vikati''
| ''tikanje''
| ''vikanje''
|-
| [[Czech language|Czech]]
| ''tykat''
| ''vykat''
| ''tykání''
| ''vykání''
|-
| [[Danish language|Danish]]
| ''at være dus''
| ''at være Des''
|
|
|-
| [[Dutch language|Dutch]]
| ''tutoyeren''; ''jijen'', ''jouen'', ''jijjouwen'' (used very rarely)
| ''vousvoyeren''
| ''tutoyeren''
| ''vousvoyeren''
|-
| [[English language|English]]
| ''to thou'' (referring to historical usage)
| ''to you'' (referring to historical usage)
| ''thouing''
| ''youing''
|-
| [[Esperanto]]
| ''cidiri''
| ''vidiri''
| ''cidiro''
| ''vidiro''
|-
| [[Estonian language|Estonian]]
| ''sinatama''
| ''teietama''
| ''sinatamine''
| ''teietamine''
|-
| [[Faroese language|Faroese]]
| ''at túa'', ''at siga tú''
| ''at siga tygum''
|
|
|-
| [[Finnish language|Finnish]]
| ''sinutella''
| ''teititellä''
| ''sinuttelu''
| ''teitittely''
|-
| [[French language|French]]
| ''tutoyer''
| ''vouvoyer''; very rarely ''vousoyer / voussoyer''
| ''tutoiement''
| ''vouvoiement''; very rarely ''vousoiement / voussoiement''
|-
| [[West Frisian language|Frisian (West)]]
| ''dookje''
| ''jookje''
| ''dookjen''
| ''jookjen''
|-
|[[Galician language|Galician]]
|''tratar de ti / atuar''
|''tratar de vostede''
| -
|
|-
| [[German language|German]]
| ''duzen''
| ''siezen''
| ''Duzen'' / ''Per Du''
| ''Siezen'' / ''Per Sie''
|-
| [[Swiss German]]
| ''Duzis machen''
| ''Siezis machen''
| ''Duzis''
| ''Siezis''
|-
| [[Greek language|Greek]]
| ''Μιλώ στον ενικό''
| ''Μιλώ στον πληθυντικό''
| 
| ''Πληθυντικός ευγενείας''
|-
|[[Hindi]]
|तूतड़ाक करना ''(tūtaɽāk karnā)''
|
|
|
|-
| [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
| ''tegez''
| ''magáz''
| ''tegezés''
| ''magázás''
|-
| [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
| ''þúa''
| ''þéra''
| ''þúun''
| ''þérun''
|-
| [[Interlingua]]
| ''tutear''
| ''vosear''
| ''tuteamento''
| ''voseamento''
|-
| [[Italian language|Italian]]
| ''dare del tu'' (intransitive) / ''tuteggiare'' (transitive, archaic)
| ''dare del Lei'' / ''dare del Voi''
|
|-
| [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]
| ''mengamukan'' (transitive); ''berkamu'' (intransitive); ''menggunakan kamu''
| ''mengandakan'' (transitive); ''beranda'' (intransitive); ''menggunakan Anda''
| ''pengamuan''; ''penggunaan kamu''
| ''pengandaan''; ''penggunaan Anda''
|-
| [[Korean language|Korean]]
| ''말을 놓다 (mareul notta)''; ''반말하다 (banmalhada)''
| ''말을 높이다 (mareul nophida)''; ''존댓말하다 (jondaemmalhada)'';
| ''반말 (banmal)''
| ''높임말 (nopphim mal)''; ''[[존댓말]] (jondaemmal)''
|-
| [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] || ''tujinti''
|
| ''tujinimas''
|
|-
| [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
| ''å være dus''
| ''å være dis''
|
|
|-
| [[Occitan language|Occitan]]
| ''tutejar''
| ''vosejar''
| ''tutejament''
| ''vosejament''
|-
| [[Polish language|Polish]]
| ''mówić per ty''<br />''tykać'' (humorous)
| ''mówić per pan / pani''
| ''mówienie per ty''
| ''mówienie per pan / pani''
|-
| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
| ''tratar por tu, você; chamar de tu, você''
| ''tratar por senhor / senhora / senhorita''; ''chamar de senhor / senhora / senhorita''
| –
| ''o senhor / a senhora''
|-
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
| ''a tutui''
| ''a domni''
| ''tutuire''
| ''plural de politeţe''
|-
| [[Russian language|Russian]]
| ''обращаться на "ты"''<br />''быть на "ты"''<br />''{{lang|ru|тыкать}} ({{Transliteration|ru|tykat'}})'' (colloquial)
| ''обращаться на "вы"''<br />''быть на "вы"''<br />''{{lang|ru|выкать}} ({{Transliteration|ru|vykat'}})'' (colloquial)
| ''{{lang|ru|тыканье}} ({{Transliteration|ru|tykan'ye}})''
| ''{{lang|ru|выканье}} ({{Transliteration|ru|vykan'ye}})''
|-
| [[Serbian language|Serbian]]
| ''не персирати (ne persirati)'',<br />''бити на ти (biti na ti)'',<br />''тикати (tikati)''
| ''персирати (persirati)'',<br />''бити на ви (biti na vi)'',<br />''викати (vikati)''
| ''неперсирање (nepersiranje)'',<br />''тикање (tikanje)''
| ''персирање (persiranje)'',<br />''викање (vikanje)''
|-
| [[Slovak language|Slovak]]
| ''tykať''
| ''vykať''
| ''tykanie''
| ''vykanie''
|-
| [[Slovene language|Slovene]]
| ''tikati''
| ''vikati''
| ''tikanje''
| ''vikanje''
|-
| [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]]
| ''ty prajić'', ''tykać''
| ''wy rěkać / prajić'', ''wykać''
| ''tykanje''
| ''wykanje''
|-
| [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]]
| ''ty groniś'', ''tykaś (se) {lit.}''
| ''wy groniś'', ''wykaś {lit.}''
| ''ty gronjenje, tykanje''
| ''wy gronjenje, wykanje''
|-
| [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| ''tutear'', ''vosear''
| ''ustedear; tratar de usted''
| ''tuteo'', ''voseo''
| ''ustedeo''
|-
| [[Swedish language|Swedish]]
| ''dua''
| ''nia''
| ''duande''
| ''niande''
|-
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]]
| ''senli benli olmak / konuşmak'', ''sen diye çağırmak''
| ''sizli bizli olmak / konuşmak'', ''siz diye çağırmak''
| ''senli benli''
| ''sizli bizli''
|-
| [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| ''тикати (tykaty)'',<br />''звертатися на "ти" (zvertatysia na "ty")''
| ''викати (vykaty)'',<br />''звертатися на "ви" (zvertatysia na "vy")''
| ''тикання (tykannia)'',<br />''звертання на ти (zvertannia na ty)''
| ''викання (vykannia)'',<br />''звертання на ви (zvertannia na vy)''
|-
|[[Urdu]]
|تو تکار کرنا (tu tukaar karna)
|
|تو تکار (tu tukaar)
|
|-
| [[Welsh language|Welsh]]
| ''tydïo''
| ''galw chi ar X''
| ''tydïo''
| ''galw chi ar X''
|-
| [[Yiddish]] || דוצן (''dutsn'') <br /> זײַן אױף דו (''zayn af du'') <br /> זײַן פּער דו (''zayn per du'')
| אירצן (''irtsn'') <br /> זײַן אױף איר (''zayn af ir'')
| דוצן (''dutsn'') <br /> אַריבערגיין אױף דו (''aribergeyn af du'')
| אירצן (''irtsn'')
|}